Ecliptic coordinates

Japanese: 黄道座標 - こうどうざひょう
Ecliptic coordinates

It is a type of celestial coordinate system that expresses the position of a celestial object on the celestial sphere. The position on Earth is expressed by longitude and latitude with the equator as the base great circle. Similarly, the position of a celestial object on the celestial sphere is expressed by quantities equivalent to longitude and latitude with a great circle (the largest circle that can be drawn on the celestial sphere) as the base. There are various celestial coordinate systems like this, but in the ecliptic coordinate system, the ecliptic is the base great circle, and the quantity equivalent to longitude (called the ecliptic longitude) is measured along it. The ecliptic longitude is counted eastward from the vernal equinox. More specifically, the ecliptic longitude is the angular distance measured from the vernal equinox along the ecliptic to the intersection of the great circle that passes through both the north and south poles of the ecliptic and the celestial object. On the other hand, the quantity equivalent to latitude (ecliptic latitude) is the angular distance measured from the intersection to the celestial object, that is, from the ecliptic to the celestial object ( see figure ). Since many of the celestial objects in the solar system move close to the ecliptic, the ecliptic coordinate system is convenient for discussing the movements of planets and satellites.

[Naoaki Owaki]

Ecliptic Coordinates (Diagram)
©Takashi Aoki

Ecliptic Coordinates (Diagram)


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

天球上の天体の位置を表す座標、すなわち天球座標の一種である。地球上の位置は、赤道を基準の大円として経度と緯度で表す。これと同様に、天球上の天体の位置は、ある一つの大円(天球面上に描くことのできる最大の円)を基準として経度と緯度に相当する量で表す。このような天球座標系は各種あるが、黄道座標系では、黄道を基準の大円とし、それに沿って経度にあたる量(黄経という)を測る。黄経は春分点を始点として、東向きに数えていく。詳しくいえば、黄道の南北両極と天体とを通る大円と黄道との交点を、黄道に沿って東回りに春分点から測った角距離が黄経である。一方、緯度に相当する量(黄緯)は、前記の交点から天体まで、つまり黄道から天体まで測った角距離である()。太陽系の天体の多くは、黄道の近くを運行するので、黄道座標系は惑星・衛星などの運動を論ずるのに便利である。

[大脇直明]

黄道座標〔図〕
©青木 隆">

黄道座標〔図〕


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