Italic languages ​​- Italic

Japanese: イタリック語派 - いたりっくごは
Italic languages ​​- Italic

The name of the group of Indo-European languages ​​spoken in ancient Italy. Includes Latin, Osco, and Umbrian. Does not include Etruscan (which has recently been suggested as Indo-European). In the past, there was a tendency to include Illyric, spoken in the southern Balkan Peninsula, and Veneto, spoken from Venice to the western part of the former Yugoslavia, in this group, but now the majority of people are against this.

Latin was originally spoken by the inhabitants of the Latium region (south of Rome, from the left bank of the Tiber River to the Alba hills), who later founded Rome and became a major cultural language, but we will not go into detail here.

Osco was a language spoken by the Sannio people in the southern part of the Italian peninsula, in what is now Campania, the Abruzzi and Lucania. Inscriptions and copperplate engravings (3rd-2nd centuries BC) have been found in Avella, 80 km east of Naples, and in the ancient city of Banzium, on the border between Lucania and the Apulia region, 30 km northeast of Potenza.

On the other hand, Umbro is spoken mainly in the Umbria region of central Italy, from the Apennine Mountains to the east bank of the Tiber River, and seven copper plates (3rd century BC) inscribed in this language have been excavated in the town of Gubbio.

These epigraphy was written in a mixture of the Etruscan-based Italic alphabet and Latin characters. Both Umbro and Oscan languages ​​were absorbed into Latin around the 1st century BC as Rome expanded its influence.

[Koji Nishimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代イタリアで話されていたインド・ヨーロッパ系の言語群の呼称。ラテン語Latin、オスコ語Osco、ウンブロ語Umbrianを含む。エトルスク語Etruscan(インド・ヨーロッパ系とする説が近年出されている)は含まれない。また、以前にはバルカン半島南部にあったイリリア語Illiricoや、ベネチアから旧ユーゴスラビア西部にかけて話されていたベネト語Venetoなどもこのグループに入れる傾向があったが、いまは否定的な意見が大勢を占めている。

 ラテン語は元来ラティウム地域(ローマの南、テベレ川の左岸からアルバの丘陵地帯まで)の住民によって話され、のちにこの人々がローマを建設し、一大文化語となっているが、ここでは詳述しない。

 オスコ語は、サンニオ人によって現在のカンパニア、アブルッツィ、ルカニアなどイタリア半島南部で話されていた言語で、ナポリの東80キロメートルのアベルラや、ルカニアとプリア地方の境に位し、ポテンツァの北東30キロメートルの古代都市バンツィウムで、このことばを記した碑文や銅版(前3~前2世紀)が発見されている。

 一方ウンブロ語のほうは、イタリア中部のウンブリア地方を中心として、アペニン山脈からテベレ川東岸にかけて話されており、グッビオの町からこの言語を記した7枚の銅版(前3世紀)が出土している。

 これらの金石文は、エトルスキ文字に基づくイタリック・アルファベットとラテン文字との混交によって記されている。ウンブロ語もオスコ語も、ローマの勢力拡大に伴い、紀元前1世紀ごろを境に、ラテン語に吸収されて消滅してしまう。

[西本晃二]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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