A sheet-like material made primarily from synthetic polymers (plastics) that has been processed to be able to be written on and printed on. In the paper field, wrapping paper and cardboard that are not intended for printing are also treated as paper, whereas in the plastic field, only materials intended for writing and printing are treated as synthetic paper; vinyl sheets for fertilizer bags and polyethylene sheets for candy bags are not treated as synthetic paper. In the broad sense, synthetic paper can also include synthetic fiber paper. [Akio Mita April 18, 2016] Ingredients and manufacturing processSynthetic polymers are mainly cheap petroleum products such as polystyrene, polyester, and polypropylene that are dimensionally stable and are processed to be suitable for writing with pencil or pen, or for printing. Paper processing methods include kneading in a large amount of filler (clay used to give opacity) so that the surface becomes rough, or introducing a large number of fine air bubbles into the interior. Biaxial stretching is also used to improve dimensional stability. Some paper has a surface coating like conventional coated paper to further improve printability. [Akio Mita April 18, 2016] Development and production trendsSynthetic paper was developed and produced by companies such as Oji Yuka Synthetic Paper (now Yupo Corporation), Nippon Gosei Paper, Sekisui Chemical, Mitsubishi Rayon (now Mitsubishi Chemical), and Nisshinbo Industries (which became Nisshinbo Holdings in 2009 and sold its paper manufacturing business to Daio Paper in 2017) in the 1970s, when oil was cheap and abundant, as a way to prepare for the depletion of wood resources and as a way to produce paper that would not produce waste pulp liquid, which was a pollution problem. Initially, it was expected that synthetic paper would replace newsprint, a low-grade printing paper. On the other hand, when synthetic paper replaced the large amount of paper consumed each year in Japan, there were discussions about the technical problems of recovering and recycling old synthetic paper as a resource, and the hypothetical environmental pollution problems of whether it would float in rivers or oceans without decomposing if it was discarded without being recovered. However, with the oil shock of 1973, the price of petroleum products rose all at once, putting the synthetic paper manufacturing industry in a difficult position, with some companies even withdrawing from the industry. After that, the remaining companies focused on developing synthetic paper with special properties not found in conventional paper, rather than as a substitute for wood-based paper, and succeeded in cultivating new demand, recording a total production volume of about 32,000 tons in 1999. This is just over 0.1% of the total production of conventional paper. Since then, the production volume has remained almost the same, at 33,000 to 34,000 tons (as of 2014). Since the synthetic paper manufacturing industry is still small in scale and not a major industry, it is not included in official statistics from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry or the Japan Paper Association, and all figures are based on interviews. [Akio Mita April 18, 2016] Expanding applicationsSynthetic paper is expensive, costing about six to eight times as much as wood paper of the same weight. Because it is lighter than wood paper, it is somewhat cheaper per unit area, but it is still very expensive. However, synthetic paper has strong demand for map paper, outdoor advertisements, calendars, etc., taking advantage of its characteristics of being light, resistant to getting wet, highly durable, and highly suitable for printing. It also has the property of returning to its original shape when released after being folded, which makes it important for use as voting paper. Furthermore, because it is easy to treat to prevent counterfeiting, it is likely to be used more frequently in the future as paper for securities and passports. [Akio Mita April 18, 2016] Synthetic fiber paperSynthetic fiber paper differs from synthetic paper in the narrow sense, which is similar to plastic sheets in terms of shape and manufacturing method, in that it is made by wet-pressing synthetic fibers cut to the appropriate length instead of pulp, and its appearance is similar to Japanese paper, which is made from long-fiber pulp. The manufacturing method involves mixing synthetic fibers cut to the appropriate length with soluble synthetic adhesive or heat-melting synthetic fibers, suspending the mixture in water, and then papering the mixture on a wire (papermaking net) to form wet paper. The mixture is then dried by passing it between heated rolls, and the fibers are bonded together to form synthetic fiber paper sheets, and its shape and manufacturing method are similar to Japanese paper and Western paper. Its uses are also different from synthetic paper, and it is used in fields such as traditional shoji paper, filter paper, filter cloth, and wrapping paper. [Akio Mita April 18, 2016] "Demand trends and development potential of nonwoven fabrics and synthetic paper, focusing on supply and demand analysis by manufacturing method and by application" (1992) edited and published by Sogo Packaging Publishing" ▽ "The current state and future of synthetic paper, by Yasuo Takahashi" (published in the August 1998 issue of "Paper and Pulp", Japan Paper Association) [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
合成高分子(プラスチック)をおもな素材とし、筆記および印刷が可能なように紙化加工したシート状のもの。紙の分野では、印刷を目的としない包装紙や板紙なども紙として扱われるのに対して、プラスチックの分野では、筆記および印刷を目的とするもののみを合成紙として扱い、肥料袋用のビニルシートや菓子袋用のポリエチレンシートなどは合成紙としては扱われない。なお、広義の合成紙として合成繊維紙まで含めることもある。 [御田昭雄 2016年4月18日] 原料と製法合成高分子としては、おもにポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリプロピレンなど石油製品のうち安価で寸法安定性がよいものが用いられ、これを鉛筆またはペンによる筆記や印刷に向くように加工する。紙化加工法としては、表面がざらつくほど大量の填料(てんりょう)(不透明性を出すため使用する陶土)を練り込むとか、内部に多数の微細気泡を入れるなどの方法が用いられる。また寸法安定性が向上するように、2軸伸長処理などを行う。さらに印刷適性の向上を図るため、従来のコート紙のように表面に塗工仕上げを行ったものもある。 [御田昭雄 2016年4月18日] 開発と生産の推移合成紙は、石油が安くかつ豊富に出回っていた1970年代に、木材資源の枯渇に備えるためとして、また公害問題となっていたパルプ廃液を出さない紙として、王子油化合成紙(現、ユポ・コーポレーション)、日本合成紙、積水化学工業、三菱レイヨン(現、三菱ケミカル)、日清紡績(2009年に日清紡ホールディングスとなり、2017年に製紙事業を大王製紙に売却)などの各社によって開発され、生産が開始された。当初は下級印刷紙の新聞用紙までが合成紙にかわるかと期待された。一方では国内で毎年消費される大量の紙に合成紙がとってかわったときに、古合成紙を資源として回収・再生する際の技術的問題や、回収されずに捨てられたときに腐らずに河川や海洋などに漂うのではないかといった、想定上の環境汚染問題が論議をよんだ。 しかし1973年(昭和48)のオイル・ショックに続く原油価格の高騰に伴って、石油製品は一斉に値上りし、合成紙の製造工業は苦境に立たされ、撤退した企業もあった。その後、残った各企業は、木材紙の代用品としてではなく、従来の紙にはない特殊な性能をもった合成紙の開発に努力を傾け、新たな需要の開拓に成功し、1999年(平成11)には約3万2000トンの総生産量を記録するに至った。従来の紙の総生産量の約0.1%強である。その後もその生産量はほとんど変わらず、3万3000~3万4000トンといわれている(2014年時点)。合成紙の製造業はいまだに規模が小さく、主力産業ではないので、経済産業省や日本製紙連合会等の正式な統計表には載らず、いずれも聞き込みによる数字である。 [御田昭雄 2016年4月18日] 用途の広がり合成紙の価格は高く、同じ重量の木材紙の約6~8倍である。木材紙に比べて軽いので、面積当りではそれよりいくらか安いとはいえ、まだ非常に高価である。しかし合成紙はその特性である、軽く、濡(ぬ)れに強く、耐久性に優れ、高度の印刷適性があるのを生かして、地図用紙、屋外広告、カレンダーなどに根強い需要がある。また折っても放せば元に戻る性質があるので、投票用紙として重要視される。さらに偽造防止の処理がしやすいので、今後証券やパスポートの用紙として利用される機会も増えよう。 [御田昭雄 2016年4月18日] 合成繊維紙合成繊維紙は、狭義の合成紙がプラスチックのシートに形状および製法の点で類似しているのと異なり、パルプのかわりに適当な長さに切った合成繊維を用いて湿式抄紙(しょうし)したもので、外見も長繊維パルプを原料とする和紙に類似している。その製法は、適当な長さにカットした合成繊維と可溶性の合成接着剤または熱溶融性の合成繊維を混ぜて、いったん水に懸濁(けんだく)させ、ワイヤ(抄(す)き網)上で抄きあげて湿紙を形成させる。さらに加熱したロールの間を通すことにより乾燥させ、繊維どうしを接着させて合成繊維の紙葉とするもので、形状および製法は和紙や洋紙と類似する。用途も合成紙と異なり、従来の障子紙や濾紙(ろし)、濾布、包装紙などの分野に使われる。 [御田昭雄 2016年4月18日] 『綜合包装出版編・刊『不織布と合成紙の需要動向と発展性 製造方式別需給と用途別需要分析を中心に』(1992)』▽『高橋泰雄著「合成紙の現状と将来」(『紙・パルプ』1998年8月号所収・日本製紙連合会)』 [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
Concept Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an...
Year of death: April 14, 1706 (May 25, 1706) Year ...
…The small shellfish, the water snail, and the wa...
An isolated island located almost directly on the ...
In 1336, near the Minatogawa River in Hyōgo, Setts...
...In China after the Xinhai Revolution, the use ...
…the surface of the seed is often covered with a ...
…Some animals have been reported to have a magnet...
A thinker belonging to a distinguished family in ...
…For example, in an interbank transaction, bank A...
This law (promulgated in 1970 and put into force i...
A labor dispute at Nissan Motors took place over 1...
…In the imperial period, the heavy and inconvenie...
Located in Kurama Honmachi, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto Cit...
An organization of oil merchants in the Middle Ag...