Ashi - Ashi (English spelling) Common reed

Japanese: アシ - あし(英語表記)common reed
Ashi - Ashi (English spelling) Common reed

A large perennial grass of the Poaceae family (APG classification: Poaceae). It is also called Kitayoshi or Yoshi. The name Ashi is related to "ashi" (bad), so it became "yoshi" (good) as its antonym. The rhizome is white, creeps underground, and has no above-ground runners. The culm is upright, 1-3 meters tall, and has no pubescent nodes. The leaves are drooping, large, long lanceolate, and about 50 centimeters long. The panicle is terminal, large, 15-40 centimeters long. The spikelets are 10-17 millimeters long, tinged with purple, but later turn brown. The glumes are 3-5 millimeters long, and the first glume is less than half the length of the floret. It grows in colonies around waters throughout Japan, and is distributed from the warm temperate to subarctic zones of the world. Young shoots are edible, and the culms make "yoshizu" (common bamboo). Spikelets of the Phragmites genus consist of several florets, with an elongated base like a rachis and long tufts of white hairs. Reed tall tree ( P. karka (Retz.) Trin.) has spikelets only 5-8 mm long and is found in Okinawa, Taiwan, southern mainland China, etc. Reed vine (P. japonicus Steud.) can be distinguished by the presence of above-ground stolons.

[Jianchang Xu August 20, 2019]

In literary works, the name of Japan was used as early as in the Kojiki and Nihonshoki, and in Japanese mythology. Many of the stories are written in the Man'yoshu, and the tale of a couple who had a strange fate, Ashigari saga, is particularly well known as a scenic spot in Naniwa. It has been passed down in Yamato Monogatari, Konjaku Monogatari, and the song Ashigari.

[Teruhiko Komachiya August 20, 2019]

use

Many of the things translated as "ashi" in Japan refer to other plants. For example, in Egypt, reed boats are made from papyrus (Cyperaceae), and in Lake Titicaca in the Andes, the Uru Indians make reed boats by bundling together Scirpus totora (Nee et Meyen) Kunth., which is also a Cyperaceae plant. The Uru Indians also build houses by combining bundles of totora. Andean reed flutes are made from the danchiku plant, which is a grass family.

[Hiroshi Yuasa]

[Reference] | Reed cutting | Reed boat | Reed boat

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イネ科(APG分類:イネ科)の大形多年草。キタヨシまたはヨシともいう。アシという名は「悪(あ)し」に通じるので、その対語として「善(よ)し」となったという。根茎は白く、地中を長くはい、地上走出枝がない。稈(かん)は直立し高さ1~3メートル、節に開出毛がない。葉は下垂し、大形で長披針(ちょうひしん)形、長さ約50センチメートル。円錐(えんすい)花序は頂生して大形、長さ15~40センチメートル。小穂は長さ10~17ミリメートル、紫色を帯びるが、のちに褐色になる。包穎(ほうえい)は3~5ミリメートルで、第1包穎は小花の2分の1より短い。日本全土の水辺に群生し、世界の暖帯から亜寒帯にかけて分布する。若芽は食用され、稈(かん)は「よしず」をつくる。ヨシ属の小穂は数個の小花からなり、基盤が小軸状に延長し、長い白毛束がある。セイタカヨシ(セイコノヨシ)P. karka (Retz.) Trin.は小穂が5~8ミリメートルしかなく、沖縄、台湾、中国大陸南部などにみられる。ツルヨシP. japonicus Steud.は地上走出枝があるので区別できる。

[許 建 昌 2019年8月20日]

 文学作品には、早く記紀など、日本神話で葦原の中つ国が日本の呼称として用いられた。『万葉集』から数多く詠まれ、とくに難波(なにわ)の景物として知られていて、数奇な運命をたどった夫婦の姿を伝える芦刈説話は、『大和(やまと)物語』『今昔物語』や謠曲の『芦刈』と受け継がれている。

[小町谷照彦 2019年8月20日]

利用

日本でアシと訳されたものの多くは別の植物のことをさしている。たとえば葦舟はエジプトではカヤツリグサ科のパピルス(カミガヤツリ)を使い、またアンデスのティティカカ湖ではウルー・インディオが、同じカヤツリグサ科のトトラScirpus totora (Nee et Meyen) Kunth.を束ねてつくる。ウルー・インディオはさらにトトラの束を組み合わせて家も建てる。アンデスの芦笛はイネ科のダンチクが用いられている。

[湯浅浩史]

[参照項目] | 芦刈 | 芦刈 | 葦舟 | よしず

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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