Russia's national airline. Founded in 1932 as the national airline of the Soviet Union. In addition to scheduled domestic and international flights, it also provided agricultural and forestry aviation such as pesticide spraying and seeding, emergency medical care, pilot training, and other aviation services, as well as airport management and the maintenance and repair of navigational aids. By the end of the 1930s, it had become the world's largest airline, with 4,000 aircraft and over 400,000 employees. In 1956, it was the first airline in the world to introduce the Tupolev Tu-104 jet passenger aircraft, and in 1957 it connected the capital Moscow to 13 cities overseas. In 1967, it began operating Moscow-Tokyo via Siberia in a codeshare flight with Japan Airlines, and in 1970 it became an independent airline. In 1971, the airline also opened a route between Khabarovsk and Tokyo (later Niigata), and in 1975, it introduced the Tupolev Tu-144 supersonic jet transport aircraft for mail and cargo flights, and in 1977, it started passenger flights between Moscow and Alma-Ata (Almaty). This service was suspended in 1978 due to an accident, and in 1979, it started flights to Khabarovsk with an improved Tupolev Tu-144D, but it was completely discontinued after a total of 102 flights. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, the airline was divided into more than 300 companies, but in 2010, it merged with several companies, centered around Aeroflot, based at Moscow's Sheremetyevo Airport, to form the airline it is today. The airline currently operates more than 80 aircraft as of the beginning of 2011, including Russian-made aircraft as well as Boeing and Airbus aircraft. The company also has more than 100 aircraft on order, including the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシアの国営航空会社。1932年ソビエト連邦の国営航空会社として設立された。国内線および国際線の定期航空をはじめ,農薬散布や播種などの農林航空,救急医療,操縦士養成といった航空事業のほか,空港管理,航法援助施設の整備・維持など運輸行政に属する業務も行ない,1930年代末には使用機 4000機,従業員 40万人以上を擁する世界最大の航空会社となった。1956年世界にさきがけてジェット旅客機ツポレフTu-104を導入,1957年には首都モスクワと国外 13都市に航空路を結び,1967年日本航空との共同運航便でシベリア経由モスクワ―東京間の運航を開始,1970年自主運航となった。1971年にはハバロフスク―東京(のち新潟)間にも路線を開設,1975年超音速ジェット輸送機ツポレフTu-144を導入して郵便および貨物便に使用したのち,1977年モスクワ―アルマアタ(アルマトイ)間の旅客便を開始した。この運航は 1978年事故によって中断,1979年から改良型のツポレフTu-144Dでハバロフスク便の運航を開始したものの,総計 102回の飛行で全面的にとりやめとなった。ソ連崩壊後の 1992年には 300社以上に細分されたが,2010年モスクワのシェレメチェボ空港に拠点を置くアエロフロートを中心にいくつかの会社を合併,今日のかたちとなる。現用機はロシア製の機材に加えてボーイング機やエアバス機を含み,2011年初の時点で総数 80機以上。ほかにボーイング787ドリームライナーを含む 100機以上の航空機を発注している。
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