Basic Act on Measures for an Aging Society

Japanese: 高齢社会対策基本法 - こうれいしゃかいたいさくきほんほう
Basic Act on Measures for an Aging Society

This law (Law No. 129 of 1995) aims to establish the basic principles and fundamental matters concerning measures for the aging society in Japan, and to promote the healthy development of the economy and society and the stability and improvement of people's lives.

Based on this law, the national government will set up an Aging Society Measures Council in the Cabinet Office, draft a "General Principles for Aging Society Measures," and promote the implementation of aging society measures through coordination between related administrative agencies. Local governments, in cooperation with the national government, are also responsible for formulating and implementing policies appropriate to the social and economic conditions of their respective regions.

[Masayoshi Kawamura]

History

It was enacted by a parliamentary bill in November 1995 and came into effect in December of the same year. In response to this, the Aging Society Measures Principles were approved by the Cabinet the following year in 1996, and revised in 2001. However, since 2007, large numbers of the baby boomer generation have been retiring every year, while finances have been strained by economic globalization, the prolonged high yen and deflationary recession, so in September 2012, the Principles were revised by Cabinet decision for the first time in 11 years.

[Masayoshi Kawamura]

Basic Measures

The basic measures of this Act stipulate the following:

[1] Employment and Income (Article 9) (1) Measures shall be taken to ensure that the elderly have diverse opportunities to work according to their will and ability, and that workers can develop their vocational abilities through a long-term working life and demonstrate their abilities into old age. (2) Appropriate benefits levels shall be ensured for the public pension system while promoting coordination with employment. (3) Support shall be given to the accumulation of assets through the voluntary efforts of the people.

[2] Health and Welfare (Article 10) (1) Comprehensive measures shall be taken to enable the people to strive to maintain and improve their health throughout their lives. (2) A system shall be established to comprehensively provide appropriate health and medical services and welfare services while promoting organic cooperation between health, medical care, and welfare services in the local community, and the health and medical services and welfare services provided by private businesses shall be developed and utilized in a sound manner. (3) The establishment of an infrastructure for receiving appropriate nursing care services shall be promoted.

[3] Learning and Social Participation (Article 11) (1) Ensure opportunities for lifelong learning. (2) Promote the participation of the elderly in social activities and develop a foundation for volunteer activities.

[4] Living Environment (Article 12) (1) Promote the development of housing suitable for the elderly, secure housing for the elderly, and promote the development of public facilities that are designed for the smooth use of the elderly. (2) Ensure traffic safety for the elderly, and develop a system to protect the elderly from crime, disasters, etc.

[5] Promotion of research and studies (Article 13) Research and studies on the prevention and treatment of diseases specific to the elderly, and research and development on welfare equipment, etc. will be promoted.

The 2012 revision of the Aging Society Measures Principles set out a "90-year lifespan" and stated that in order to realize a healthy and fulfilling elderly life, it is important to balance work with childcare, nursing care, self-development, community activities, etc., in addition to managing health in the elderly. Moreover, the basic policies are not limited to the elderly, but rather promote employment and childcare policies for young people and women, and work to create a society in which all citizens can participate in economic activities across generations.

Numerical targets were also introduced for the first time, with targets for the employment rate of people aged 60-64 to increase from 57.3% in 2011 to 63% in 2020, the participation rate in the "new public" to increase from 26% in 2010 to 50% in 2020, the rate of barrier-free buildings used by an unspecified number of people to increase from 48% in 2010 to 60% in 2020, and the rate of women continuing to work after giving birth to their first child to increase from 38% in 2010 to 55% in 2020.

[Masayoshi Kawamura]

assignment

The Aging Society Measures Outline will be reviewed approximately every five years when it is deemed necessary, taking into account changes in the economic and social situation. For the time being, issues to be addressed in the discussions on "comprehensive reform of social security and taxes" at the National Conference on Social Security System Reform include intergenerational disparities with younger generations through income redistribution, ensuring consistency with the Basic Law for Countermeasures against a Society with a Declining Birthrate, realizing a "new public" that prioritizes people's lives by correcting "vertically divided" administration, and revitalizing local communities through social participation by the baby boomer generation.

[Masayoshi Kawamura]

"Super Survival Method for a 100-Year Life" by Kawamura Masayoshi (2010, Kumi Publishing)""A Low Birthrate and Aging Society from a Demographic Perspective" by Sagaza Haruo (2012, Kosei Publishing)""The Baby Boomer Generation's Regional Debut" by Kawamura Masayoshi (2012, Mirai)""Cabinet Office, ed., "Aging Society White Paper 2012 Edition" (2012, Print Mail Order)"

[Reference items] | Nursing care insurance system | Aging society | Medical care system for the elderly | Employment of the elderly | Pension insurance system | Welfare for the elderly

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

日本における高齢社会対策にかかわる基本理念とその基本となる事項を定め、経済社会の健全な発展および国民生活の安定と向上を図ることを目的とする法律(平成7年法律第129号)。

 国はこの法律に基づき、内閣府に高齢社会対策会議を設置、「高齢社会対策大綱」案を作成し、関係行政機関相互の調整を行って高齢社会対策の実施を推進する。また、地方公共団体は国と協力しつつ、当該地域の社会的、経済的状況に応じた施策を策定し、実施する責務を有するとされている。

[川村匡由]

沿革

1995年(平成7)11月、議員立法によって制定、同12月に施行された。これを受け、高齢社会対策大綱は翌1996年に閣議決定されたのち、2001年(平成13)に改定された。しかし、2007年以降、団塊の世代が毎年、大量に定年退職する一方、経済のグルーバル化や長引く円高・デフレ不況で財政が逼迫(ひっぱく)しているため、2012年9月、大綱が11年ぶりに閣議決定によって改定された。

[川村匡由]

基本的施策

本法の基本的施策として、次のようなことが規定されている。

〔1〕就業および所得(9条)(1)高齢者がその意欲と能力に応じて就業することができる多様な機会を確保し、および勤労者が長期にわたる職業生活を通じて職業能力を開発し、高齢期までその能力を発揮することができる施策を講ずる。(2)公的年金制度について雇用との連携を図りつつ適正な給付水準を確保する。(3)国民の自主的な努力による資産の形成等を支援する。

〔2〕健康および福祉(10条)(1)国民が生涯にわたって自らの健康の保持増進に努めることができるよう、総合的な施策を講ずる。(2)地域における保健および医療ならびに福祉の相互の有機的な連携を図りつつ適正な保健医療サービス、および福祉サービスを総合的に提供する体制の整備を図るとともに、民間事業者が提供する保健医療サービスおよび福祉サービスについて健全な育成および活用を図る。(3)適切な介護のサービスを受けることができる基盤の整備を推進する。

〔3〕学習および社会参加(11条)(1)生涯学習の機会を確保する。(2)高齢者の社会的活動への参加を促進し、およびボランティア活動の基盤を整備する。

〔4〕生活環境(12条)(1)高齢者に適した住宅等の整備を促進し、および高齢者のための住宅を確保し、ならびに高齢者の円滑な利用に配慮された公共的施設の整備を促進する。(2)高齢者の交通の安全を確保するとともに、高齢者を犯罪の被害、災害等から保護する体制を整備する。

〔5〕調査研究等の推進(13条)高齢者に特有の疾病の予防および治療についての調査研究、福祉用具についての研究開発等を推進する。

 2012年(平成24)の高齢社会対策大綱の改定では「人生90年時代」を掲げ、健康で充実した高齢期を実現するため、高齢期の健康管理に加え、仕事と育児、介護、自己啓発、地域活動などとのバランスが重要であるとした。しかも、その基本的施策も高齢者に限定するのではなく、若年と女性の就労や子育て施策を進め、すべての国民が世代を超えて経済活動に参加できる社会づくりに取り組むとしている。

 また、初めて数値目標が導入され、60~64歳の高齢者の就業率は2011年時点で57.3%を2020年には63%に、「新しい公共」への参加の割合は2010年時点で26%を2020年には50%に、不特定多数の者等が利用する一定の建築物のバリアフリー化率は2010年時点で48%を2020年には60%に、第1子出産前後の女性の継続就業率は2010年時点で38%を2020年には55%に、それぞれ引き上げることなどが盛り込まれた。

[川村匡由]

課題

高齢社会対策大綱は今後、経済・社会情勢の変化などを踏まえ、おおむね5年をめどに、必要があると認めたときは見直されることになっている。当面は、社会保障制度改革国民会議における「社会保障と税の一体改革」をめぐる論議のなかで、所得の再分配による若年世代との世代間格差、少子化社会対策基本法との整合性の確保、「縦割り」行政の是正による国民生活優先の「新しい公共」の具体化、および団塊の世代の社会参加による地域活性化などが課題であろう。

[川村匡由]

『川村匡由著『人生100年"超"サバイバル法』(2010・久美出版)』『嵯峨座晴夫著『人口学から見た少子高齢社会』(2012・佼成出版社)』『川村匡由著『団塊世代の地域デビュー』(2012・みらい)』『内閣府編『高齢社会白書 平成24年版』(2012・印刷通販)』

[参照項目] | 介護保険制度 | 高齢化社会 | 高齢者医療制度 | 高齢者雇用 | 年金保険制度 | 老人福祉

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Huang Jingren

>>:  Industrial crops - Kougeisakumotsu

Recommend

Avenue

〘 noun 〙 (avenue) A tree-lined street in a town or...

Saint Acheul (English spelling)

…the Early Paleolithic culture, whose reference s...

Battle of Yarmouk - Battle of Yarmouk

Battle of August 636 in which the Arabs defeated t...

Mitsunobu Kano

Year of death: June 4, 1608 (July 15, 1608) Year o...

Toxic eruption; toxicoderma

This refers to a condition in which a skin rash ap...

Ezonotakanekusa - Ezonotakanekusa

...It is distributed in central Honshu and the To...

New Ohashi Bridge

A bridge over the Sumida River. It connects Nihonb...

Adaptation - Kyakyushoku

〘 noun 〙① In ancient China, an identification card...

Hunting ground - Kariba

〘Noun〙 A place for hunting birds and animals. Hunt...

Igagoe Dochu Sugoroku - Igagoe Dochu Sugoroku

Joruri Gidayubushi. Historical piece. 10 stages. ...

Sawdust - sawdust

〘Noun〙① Waste that is produced when lumber is sawn...

Latent structure analysis

It is a theory proposed by P.F. Lazarsfeld for ana...

Geometrid moth - Geometrid moth

A general term for insects in the Geometridae fami...

Blood sampling method

…An instrument for measuring blood pressure. Ther...

Uto clan

…His grandson, Akioki, led his family down to Yat...