Aircraft carrier - koukuubokan (English spelling) aircraft carrier

Japanese: 航空母艦 - こうくうぼかん（英語表記）aircraft carrier

It is called an aircraft carrier for short. It is a warship designed for the purpose of carrying and operating fixed-wing aircraft, equipped with the necessary facilities and equipment, and with a full-length flight deck for takeoff and landing on the hull. In the early days, ships whose main purpose was to carry and operate aircraft were called aircraft carriers, regardless of whether they had a flight deck. Even if they have a full-length flight deck, ships that only carry rotary-wing aircraft (helicopters) and have missions such as anti-submarine and landing are not called aircraft carriers. The hull and main engine are similar to those of a large cruiser, with a hangar and flight deck on top, and aircraft take off by catapult or runway, and land using a landing brake. It is the largest of all current warships, second only to nuclear ballistic missile submarines in power, and is characterized by its great ability to carry out a variety of attack missions.

[Yasuo Abe]

History

In 1910-1911, the United States built a temporary deck on a cruiser and conducted takeoff and landing experiments, which was the first attempt to carry and operate airplanes on a warship. During World War I, Britain used ships that had takeoff decks and could only take off from the ship, and then built takeoff and landing decks on the front and rear of large cruisers, creating ships similar to future aircraft carriers. Then, in 1918, just after the end of World War I, they completed the full-scale aircraft carrier Argas, which was a converted unfinished passenger ship with a hangar on the hull and a flat flight deck running the entire length, and then completed the Eagle, a converted unfinished battleship. Inspired by the construction of Argus, Japan built the Hosho in 1922 (Taisho 11), and the United States built the Langley, which became the first aircraft carriers for both countries.

The Argus had no structures protruding above the flight deck, while the Eagle had a bridge structure and a funnel on the starboard side of the flight deck; the former type is called the flush deck type, and the latter the island type; subsequent aircraft carriers adopted one of these types. Early aircraft carriers were divided into newly built small ships with a standard displacement of 7,000 to 15,000 tons, and large ships with a standard displacement of 22,000 to 33,000 tons that were converted from unfinished capital ships based on the Washington Naval Treaty, and in addition to the single flight deck and upright funnel type, attempts were made to have a two or three-tiered multi-layer flight deck type, a funnel facing diagonally downward from the ship's side, and a smoke duct leading to both sides below the flight deck and opening to the side of the stern.

After early trial and error, from around 1930 until just before World War II, slightly larger ships of around 20,000 tons, medium-sized ships of around 15,000 tons, and small ships of around 10,000 tons were built. All flight decks were single-story, and the island-type design was widely adopted except for small ships. The United States used an open hangar design with a large, single-story hangar, while Japan and the United Kingdom used a closed hangar design with two or three stories. The United States and the United Kingdom used an upright type chimney that curved from the top of the ship's side and opened downward on the outside (later the Taiho adopted an upright chimney that sloped outward). Representative ships built during this period include the British Ark Royal, the American Yorktown Class, and the Japanese Soryu and Hiryu.

Before World War II, aircraft carriers were considered to be supporting and auxiliary forces to battleships, but after Japan's aircraft carrier task force successfully attacked Pearl Harbor during the war and Japanese land-based attack aircraft sank British capital ships at sea in the Battle of the Malay Sea, aircraft carriers came to replace battleships as the navy's main fighting force.

The main aircraft carriers built during World War II were large ships of 23,000 to 30,000 tons, and were enlarged, improved, and reinforced versions of the aforementioned ships, such as the British Illustrious Class and its modifications, the American Essex Class, and the Japanese Shokaku Class. These were completed and used extensively, but even larger ships appeared in the latter stages of the war. As many as 24 were built, and the Essex Class, which became the main force in the war against Japan since 1944, was the first to adopt external elevators, improving the aircraft operation capability on board and reducing defensive weaknesses. The Illustrious Class was the first to install armor plates on the flight deck for bomb protection, and Japan followed suit with the Taiho, a modified Shokaku type, and the United States with the Midway Class, an enlarged and improved version of the Essex Class.

After World War II, aircraft began to be carried by jet planes, and hydraulic and steam catapults, angled flight decks, mirror-type landing guidance devices, and Fresnel lens-type landing guidance lights were developed for the launch and landing of aircraft carriers, and the adoption of these led to the remarkably large size of aircraft carriers. The United States began to develop attack aircraft carriers (CVAs) as the main force of the Navy, for the purpose of attacking enemy fleets and land, as well as strategic nuclear attacks. In 1955, the super-large aircraft carrier Forrestal, weighing 59,060 tons and carrying 90 to 100 aircraft, was completed, and seven of its sister ships and its modified versions were built by 1968. During this time, the first nuclear aircraft carrier, Enterprise, was completed in 1961 and was a success, but due to the high construction costs, the construction of a follow-up ship was not immediately started, and after the construction of two steam turbine-propelled ships, the second ship, Nimitz, was completed in 1975. Since then, all American aircraft carriers have been nuclear-powered, and as of 2010, nine Nimitz sister ships have been completed, a modified Gerald R. Ford Class is under construction, and two more are planned. Britain and France built medium and large ships of 27,000 to 40,000 tons with an emphasis on securing air superiority over sea lanes, anti-submarine attacks, patrols, and support for local land warfare. The Soviet Union also built the 45,900-ton Tbilisi (later renamed Admiral Kuznetsov) for fleet air defense, anti-ship and anti-submarine attacks, and local attacks.

[Yasuo Abe]

current situation

The US Midway class and super-large aircraft carriers after Forrestal were once given the mission of strategic nuclear attack, but with the deployment of Polaris submarines, this mission was relieved and tactical attacks became their main mission. Aircraft carrier task forces have strong offensive and defensive capabilities, are highly safe against nuclear attacks (such as the impact of a nuclear bomb or radiation), are capable of both nuclear and non-nuclear attacks against any target on the sea or land, and are highly flexible in terms of military tactics. Their value has increased even today, when nuclear weapons, ICBMs, anti-ship missiles, etc. have become extremely advanced. However, because of the high cost of construction and maintenance, only the United States possesses large and super-large aircraft carriers. In response to this, the Soviet Union completed a full-scale aircraft carrier, the Tbilisi, in 1991, which belonged to Russia, but it does not have a catapult and mainly uses a ski jump slope at the front of the flight deck for takeoff. In the United States, in response to the gradual retirement of anti-submarine support carriers due to aging, attack aircraft carriers (CVs) were gradually equipped with anti-submarine aircraft and their operation capabilities from 1972 onwards, and by 1975, all of them were changed in type and mission to general-purpose aircraft carriers (CVs). Conventionally propelled ships were retired by 2008, and all were nuclear-powered ships. For economic reasons, the UK had long given up on building full-scale aircraft carriers, but in 2009 it laid down construction of a Queen Elizabeth Class ship with a full load displacement of approximately 60,000 tons, and is currently planning to build one more. France completed the medium-sized nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle (37,085 tons) in 2001 to replace the ships newly built after World War II, and is planning another ship similar to the Queen Elizabeth class. China has announced the construction of two ships with a full load displacement of 50,000 to 60,000 tons.

In the 1970s, the UK put the V/STOL (vertical/short take-off and landing) Sea Harrier fighter/attack aircraft into practical use, and so ships built solely to carry this type of aircraft did not require catapults, landing control devices, landing guidance lights, or diagonal flight decks, which are essential for fixed-wing aircraft to take off and land, making construction easier and allowing for smaller ships. This type of ship is considered effective for fleet air defense at sea and attack missions in areas beyond the reach of enemy fighter aircraft. The Soviet Kiev Class, completed in 1975, was the first ship to carry V/STOL aircraft, followed by the UK's Invincible Class, completed in 1980, which proved its usefulness in the Battle of the Falkland Islands. Italy, Spain, and Thailand then built one slightly smaller ship of the same type each in the 1980s and 1990s. Both aircraft carry a mixture of V/STOL aircraft and helicopters for early warning of anti-submarine and anti-ship missile attacks, with the ratio of each type being changed depending on the situation.

The Kiev class (all ships retired) and the modified Baku (later renamed Admiral Gorshkov) are large, weighing 36,000 to 40,000 tons, as they carry many aircraft and have powerful anti-ship, anti-submarine, and anti-aircraft armaments, but other Russian ships are small, weighing 10,000 to 17,000 tons, and can be considered modern versions of light aircraft carriers. In the 2000s, countries increased the size of their ships in an effort to improve their aircraft operation capabilities. Italy completed the 22,290-ton Cavour in 2008, which also has transport facilities and emphasizes multi-role operation, and India is building the Vikrant, which has a full load displacement of 37,500 tons.

[Yasuo Abe]

"New Modern Warships" by Horimoto Motomi and Ebata Kensuke (1987, Hara Shobo)" ▽ "World's Ships No. 451, Special Feature: The Mechanism of Aircraft Carriers" (1992, Kaijinsha)" ▽ "The World's Aircraft Carriers Illustrated" by Sakamoto Akira (1993, Green Arrow Publishing)" ▽ "World's Aircraft Carriers Handbook" (1997, Kaijinsha)" ▽ "World's Ships No. 552, Special Feature: Aircraft Carriers of the New Era" (1999, Kaijinsha)" ▽ "World's Aircraft Carriers" (1999, Schola)" ▽ "World's Ships No. 682, Special Feature: Modern Light Aircraft Carriers" (2007, Kaijinsha)" ▽ "World's Ships Special Issue No. 80, Complete History of Aircraft Carriers" (2008, Kaijinsha)" ▽ "Fukui Shizuo Collected Works 3, The Story of the World's Aircraft Carriers" (2008, Kojinsha) ▽ "Fukui Shizuo Collected Works 7: The Story of Japanese Aircraft Carriers" (2009, Kojinsha) ▽ "World's Ships No. 724: Special Feature: World's Aircraft Carriers 2010" (2010, Kaijinsha) ▽ "Stephen Saunders Jane's Fighting Ships 2010-2011" (2010, Jane's Information Group)

[References] | Catapult | Warship | Nuclear aircraft carrier

Nuclear aircraft carrier structure
The diagram shows the initial equipment of the American nuclear aircraft carrier Carl Vinson, which was commissioned in 1982. Length: 332.9m Displacement (standard): 81,600t Speed: Over 30 knots Aircraft carried: 90 (1) Elevator: Used to move aircraft between the hangar and the flight deck (2) Combat bridge (3) Navigation bridge (4) Air traffic control station (5) Fleet satellite communication system antenna (6) TACAN antenna: Aircraft return guidance system (7) Three-dimensional air search radar antenna (8) Low-altitude airborne warning and control radar antenna (9) Long-range air search radar antenna (10) Early warning aircraft (11) Landing braking system: A landing aircraft stops its run by hooking the tail hook onto one of the braking lines (12) Vulcan Phalanx cannon: Close-in air defense system for destroying anti-ship missiles approaching the ship (13) Main rudder (14) Screw propeller (15) Fighter aircraft (16) Sea Sparrow anti-aircraft missile launcher (17) Inflatable life raft (18) Hangar (19) Computer room (20) Machine repair room (21) Ammunition depot (22) 4 main engine turbines (23) Propeller shaft (24) Torpedo protection system (25) Equipped with 2 A4W pressurized water reactors to supply steam to drive the main engine turbines (26) Fresnel lens type landing guidance system (27) Steam catapult (steam catapult) High pressure steam is used to accelerate aircraft from a stationary position to approximately 250 km/h for launch (28) Jet blast deflector A retractable device that deflects jet exhaust upwards to protect personnel, aircraft, etc. in the rear (29) Combat Information Center (CIC) This center centrally processes information from the ship's own search information as well as information from other ships, aircraft, satellites, etc., instantly grasps changing information, and communicates it to the bridge, etc. © Hayao Nogami ">

Nuclear aircraft carrier structure

Argus (UK)
The forerunner of modern aircraft carriers. Completed in 1918. Overall length: 172.5m. Displacement (regular): 14,450t. Speed: 20 knots. Armament: 4 x 10cm anti-aircraft guns, 20 aircraft. © Hayao Nogami ">

Argus (UK)

Saratoga (USA)
Converted from a battlecruiser to an aircraft carrier. Completed in 1927 Length: 270.65m Displacement (standard): 33,000t Speed: 34 knots Armament: 4 x 20cm guns (twin), 12 x 12.7cm anti-aircraft guns, 90 aircraft © Hayao Nogami ">

Saratoga (USA)

Essex (USA)
The flagship aircraft carrier of the latter half of World War II. Completed in 1942. Overall length: 267m. Displacement (standard): 27,100t. Speed: 33 knots. Armament: 12.7 anti-aircraft guns (4 twin, 4 single), 80 aircraft. © Hayao Nogami ">

Essex (USA)

Ark Royal (England)
The first aircraft carrier to adopt an enclosed bow. Completed: 1938 Length: 243.84m Displacement (standard): 22,000t Speed: 30.7 knots Armament: 8 x 11cm anti-aircraft guns (twin), 6 x 40mm machine guns, 8 x 13mm machine guns, 72 aircraft © Hayao Nogami ">

Ark Royal (England)

Kyiv (former Soviet Union)
V/STOL aircraft carrier. Completed in 1975. Length: 274m. Displacement (standard): 32,000t. Speed: 32 knots. Armament: 4 SS-N-12 anti-submarine missile launchers (twin), 2 SA-N-3 anti-aircraft missile launchers (twin), 2 SA-N-4 anti-submarine missile launchers (twin), 1 SUW-N1 anti-submarine missile launcher (twin), 2 7.6cm high-angle guns (twin), 32 aircraft on board. © Hayao Nogami ">

Kyiv (former Soviet Union)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

略して空母という。固定翼機を搭載運用する目的で設計され、それに必要な施設、装備を備え、船体上に全長にわたり発着艦用の全通飛行甲板を有する軍艦。初期には、飛行甲板の有無にかかわらず、飛行機の搭載運用を主目的とした艦を航空母艦と称した。全通飛行甲板を有しても、回転翼機（ヘリコプター）のみを搭載し、対潜、揚陸などを任務とする艦は、航空母艦とはいわない。船体と主機関は大型巡洋艦に類似し、上部に格納庫と飛行甲板を設け、飛行機の発艦はカタパルトまたは滑走により、着艦は着艦制動装置を使って行う。現在のあらゆる軍艦のなかでもっとも大型で、原子力弾道ミサイル潜水艦に次ぐ威力を有し、多様な攻撃任務を果たしうる大きな能力が特質である。

［阿部安雄］

沿革

1910～11年、アメリカで巡洋艦に甲板を仮設して発着艦実験をしたのが、軍艦に飛行機を搭載し運用した最初の試みである。第一次世界大戦中にイギリスは、発艦甲板を備え艦上発進のみ可能な艦を使用し、ついで大型巡洋艦の前後部に発艦および着艦甲板を設け、後の航空母艦に近い艦をつくった。さらに1918年、第一次世界大戦終了直後に、未成客船を改造し船体上に格納庫と全長に平坦(へいたん)な飛行甲板を設けた本格的航空母艦アーガスArgasを完成し、続いて未成戦艦改造のイーグルEagleを竣工(しゅんこう)させた。アーガスの建造に刺激され、日本は1922年（大正11）に鳳翔(ほうしょう)、アメリカはラングレーLangleyを建造し、両国の空母第一艦となった。

　アーガスは飛行甲板上に突出した構造物がまったくなく、イーグルは飛行甲板右舷側(うげんそく)に艦橋構造物と煙突を設けており、前者の型式を平甲板型、後者を島型といい、以後の空母はいずれかの方式を採用した。初期の空母は、基準排水量7000～1万5000トンの新造小型艦と、ワシントン海軍軍縮条約に基づき未成主力艦より改造された2万2000～3万3000トンの大型艦に分かれて発達し、1層の飛行甲板、直立煙突方式のほかに、2層または3層の多層飛行甲板方式、舷側から外側斜め下方に向いた煙突の方式、飛行甲板下両舷に煙路を導き艦尾部側方に開口させる方式などが試みられた。

　初期の試行錯誤を経て1930年ごろから第二次世界大戦直前までの期間には、2万トン前後のやや大型艦、1万5000トン程度の中型艦、1万トン級の小型艦が建造された。飛行甲板はすべて1層となり、小型艦を除き島型方式が広く採用された。アメリカは1層の広い格納庫を有する開放式格納庫方式としたのに対し、日本とイギリスは2、3層の密閉式格納庫方式を採用し、煙突はアメリカとイギリスが上方直立式を、日本は舷側上方より湾曲して外下方に開口させる方式を用いた（のちに大鳳(たいほう)で外方に傾斜した直立煙突を採用）。この時期に建造された代表艦としては、イギリスのアーク・ロイヤルArk Royal、アメリカのヨークタウン級Yorktown Class、日本の蒼龍(そうりゅう)、飛龍(ひりゅう)がある。

　第二次世界大戦前は、空母は戦艦部隊の支援・補助兵力とみなされていたが、大戦で、日本の空母機動部隊が真珠湾攻撃に成功し、マレー沖海戦で日本陸上攻撃機が洋上航行中のイギリス主力艦を撃沈して以来、戦艦にかわって海軍の主戦兵力の地位を占めるに至った。

　第二次世界大戦中に建造された主力空母は、2万3000～3万トンの大型艦で、それぞれ前述艦の拡大・改良・防御強化型であるイギリスのイラストリアス級Illustrious Classとその改型、アメリカのエセックス級Essex Class、日本の翔鶴(しょうかく)型などが完成し活躍したが、大戦後期にはさらに大型の艦も出現した。24隻も大量建造され、1944年以来対日戦の主力となったエセックス級は、初めて舷外エレベーターを採用し、艦上における飛行機運用能力を向上させ防御上の弱点を軽減した。イラストリアス級は、爆弾防御用に、初めて飛行甲板に装甲鈑(はん)を装着し、日本は改翔鶴型の大鳳で、アメリカはエセックス級を拡大改良したミッドウェー級Midway Classでこれに追随した。

　第二次世界大戦後は搭載機がジェット機になり、この発着艦のために油圧式さらには蒸気式カタパルト、斜め飛行甲板、鏡式着艦指導装置、ついでフレネル・レンズ式着艦指導灯などが開発され、これらの採用により空母は著しく大型化するに至った。アメリカは、海軍の主力として、敵艦隊および陸地攻撃、さらには戦略核攻撃を目的とした攻撃空母（CVA）の整備に着手し、1955年に5万9060トン、搭載機数90～100機の超大型空母フォレスタルForrestalを完成し、以後1968年までに同型艦およびその改型を7隻建造した。この間の1961年に初の原子力空母エンタープライズEnterpriseが完成、成功を収めたが、高価な建造費のためただちに後続艦の建造に至らず、蒸気タービン推進艦2隻建造ののち、1975年に第2艦のニミッツNimitzが完成した。以後、アメリカ空母はすべて原子力推進とされ、2010年時点でニミッツの同型艦9隻が竣工し、改型のジェラルド・R・フォード級Gerald R. Ford Classが建造中、2隻が計画中である。イギリスとフランスは、海上交通路の制空権確保、対潜攻撃、哨戒(しょうかい)、局地上陸戦支援に重点を置いて、2万7000～4万トンの中型および大型艦を建造した。ソ連も艦隊防空、対艦・対潜攻撃、局地攻撃などを目的とした、4万5900トンのトビリシTbilisi（後にアドミラル・クズネツォフAdmiral Kuznetovと改名）を建造した。

［阿部安雄］

現状

アメリカのミッドウェー級およびフォレスタル以降の超大型空母は、一時期、戦略核攻撃任務が与えられていたが、ポラリス潜水艦の配備によりこの任を解かれ、戦術攻撃を主任務にしている。空母機動部隊は攻撃力、防御力ともに強力で、核攻撃（核爆弾の衝撃や放射能など）に抗して安全度が高く、海上、陸上の任意の目標に対して核・非核両攻撃が可能で用兵上の融通性に富み、核兵器、ICBM、対艦ミサイルなどが極度に発達した今日においても、その価値はより高まっている。しかし、建造、維持に高額の経費を要するので、アメリカのみが大型、超大型空母を保有している。ソ連はこれに対抗して本格的な空母トビリシを1991年に完成、ロシアに所属したが、カタパルトをもたず、発艦にはおもに飛行甲板前部のスキージャンプ勾配(こうばい)を用いる。アメリカでは、対潜支援空母が老朽化のため逐次退役する状況に対応し、攻撃空母（CVA）は1972年以降順次、対潜機搭載・運用能力が賦与され、1975年までにすべて汎用(はんよう)空母（CV）に種別、任務を変更した。通常動力推進方式の艦は2008年までに退役し、すべて原子力推進艦となった。イギリスは経済上の理由で長らく本格的な航空母艦建造を断念していたが、2009年に満載排水量約6万トンのクイーン・エリザベス級Queen Elizabeth Class1隻を起工、1隻を計画中である。フランスは第二次世界大戦後に新造した艦の代換である、中型の原子力空母シャルル・ド・ゴールCharles de Gaulle（3万7085トン）を2001年に完成し、さらにクイーン・エリザベス級に類似の艦を計画中である。中国は満載排水量5万～6万トンの艦2隻の建造を公表した。

　1970年代に、イギリスがV/STOL(ブイストール)機（垂直・短距離離着陸機）のシー・ハリアー戦闘・攻撃機を実用化したため、この機種のみの搭載艦建造においては、固定翼機の発着艦に欠かせぬカタパルト、着艦制動装置、着艦指導灯、斜め飛行甲板などを必要とせず、したがって建造が容易で、船型の小型化も可能となった。この艦種は、洋上での艦隊防空、敵戦闘機の行動の及ばぬ地域での攻撃任務に有効と考えられる。1975年完成のソ連のキエフ級Kiev ClassがV/STOL機搭載艦の最初のもので、続いてイギリスのインビンシブル級Invincible Classが1980年に竣工し、フォークランド島沖海戦で有用性を立証した。ついで1980～90年代にイタリア、スペイン、タイがやや小型の同種艦を1隻ずつ建造した。いずれもV/STOL機および対潜・対艦ミサイル攻撃の早期警戒用ヘリコプターを混載しており、状況により両機種の搭載比率を変更して使用する。

　キエフ級（全艦退役）と改型のバクーBaku（後にアドミラル・ゴルシコフAdmiral Gorshkovと改名）は、搭載機数が多く、強力な対艦・対潜・対空兵装を有するので3万6000～4万トンと大型だが、ほかのロシア艦は1万～1万7000トンの小型艦で、現代版の軽空母といえよう。2000年代には航空機運用能力向上を図って各国で艦型が増大した。イタリアは輸送施設も有し多任務艦的運用を重視した2万2290トンのカブールCavourを2008年に完成、インドは満載排水量3万7500トンのビクラントVikrantを建造中である。

［阿部安雄］

『堀元美・江畑謙介著『新・現代の軍艦』（1987・原書房）』▽『『世界の艦船第451号　特集　空母のメカニズム』（1992・海人社）』▽『坂本明著『大図解　世界の空母』（1993・グリーンアロー出版社）』▽『『世界の空母ハンドブック』（1997・海人社）』▽『『世界の艦船第552号　特集　新時代の空母』（1999・海人社）』▽『『世界の空母』（1999・スコラ）』▽『『世界の艦船第682号　特集　現代の軽空母』（2007・海人社）』▽『『世界の艦船増刊第80集　航空母艦全史』（2008・海人社）』▽『『福井静夫著作集3　世界航空母艦物語』（2008・光人社）』▽『『福井静夫著作集7　日本航空母艦物語』（2009・光人社）』▽『『世界の艦船第724号　特集　世界の空母2010』（2010・海人社）』▽『Stephen SaundersJane's Fighting Ships 2010-2011（2010, Jane's Information Group）』

[参照項目] | カタパルト | 軍艦 | 原子力航空母艦

原子力航空母艦の構造
図は、1982年に就役したアメリカの原子力空母カール・ビンソンの初期の装備を示したものである。全長：332.9m　排水量（基準）：8万1600t　速力：30ノット以上　搭載機：90機(1)エレベーター　格納庫と飛行甲板間の飛行機の移動を行う　(2)戦闘艦橋　(3)航海艦橋　(4)航空管制所　(5)艦隊衛星通信システム・アンテナ　(6)タカン（TACAN）・アンテナ　飛行機の帰投誘導装置　(7)三次元対空捜索レーダー・アンテナ　(8)低空警戒管制レーダー・アンテナ　(9)遠距離対空捜索レーダー・アンテナ　(10)早期警戒機　(11)着艦制動装置　着艦機は尾部のフックをいずれかの制動索にひっかけて滑走を止める　(12)バルカン・ファランクス機関砲　自艦に接近する対艦ミサイル撃破用の近接防空装置　(13)主舵　(14)スクリュー・プロペラ　(15)戦闘機　(16)シースパロー対空ミサイル発射機　(17)膨張式救命筏　(18)格納庫　(19)コンピュータ室　(20)機械修理室　(21)弾薬庫　(22)主機タービン　4基　(23)推進軸　(24)水雷防御装置　(25)A4W加圧水型原子炉　2基を搭載し、主機タービンに駆動用蒸気を供給する　(26)フレネル・レンズ式着艦誘導装置　(27)スチーム・カタパルト（蒸気式カタパルト）　高圧蒸気により、飛行機を静止の状態から約250km／hに加速して発艦させる　(28)ジェット・ブラスト・デフレクター　ジェット機の排気を上方に逃がし、後方の人員、飛行機などを保護する起倒式の装置　(29)戦闘情報センター（CIC）　自艦の索敵情報はもとより、他艦、飛行機、人工衛星などからの情報を集中処理して、変化する情報を瞬時に把握し、艦橋などに伝える©野上隼夫">

原子力航空母艦の構造

アーガス（イギリス）

サラトガ（アメリカ）

エセックス（アメリカ）

アーク・ロイヤル（イギリス）
エンクローズド・バウを採用した最初の空母。竣工：1938年　全長：243.84m　排水量（基準）：2万2000t　速力：30.7ノット　兵装：11cm高角砲（連装）×8、40mm機銃×6、13mm機銃×8、搭載機×72©野上隼夫">

アーク・ロイヤル（イギリス）

キエフ（旧ソ連）
V／STOL空母。竣工：1975年　全長：274m　排水量（基準）：3万2000t　速力：32ノット　兵装：対潜ミサイルSS-N-12発射機（連装）×4、対空ミサイルSA-N-3発射機（連装）×2、同SA-N-4発射機（連装）×2、対潜ミサイルSUW-N1発射機（連装）×1、7.6cm高角砲（連装）×2他、搭載機×32©野上隼夫">

キエフ（旧ソ連）

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例

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