Industrial television

Japanese: 工業用テレビジョン - こうぎょうようてれびじょん(英語表記)industrial television
Industrial television

Unlike broadcasting, which is aimed at an unspecified number of viewers, this is a system that utilizes the functions of television for a specific purpose. It is abbreviated as ITV. It is also called industrial television or closed circuit television (CCTV). The system consists of a television camera using a small image pickup tube such as a vidicon or a solid-state image sensor, a receiver, and a coaxial cable. In most cases, the video signal is sent directly, but in cases where there is an ocean, a river, or a wide road along the transmission path, when the transmission distance is very long, or when it is necessary to send multi-channel signals, the camera output signal may be modulated or wireless transmission may be used for part of the transmission path. Since wireless transmission requires restrictions on the frequency used and a license, optical communication is also used. The bandwidth of the video signal used in industrial television is often narrowband and less than 1 MHz, but can be 10 MHz or more when a particularly wide bandwidth is required. The number of scanning lines is 525, the same as in analog broadcast television, but 200 or less lines may be used when low resolution is not required depending on the purpose.

Of the equipment used, cameras are particularly important. Unlike broadcasting cameras, they are rarely operated by humans, and are mainly automated or remote controlled. They are often installed in harsh conditions, such as outdoors in places exposed to the elements, in high-temperature locations such as various furnaces, in factories and workshops with a lot of powdered coal and dust, and in places where vibrations and acceleration are applied, such as when mounted on moving objects. For this reason, some cameras are housed in special covers or cases with special structures.

Current major applications include: (1) production management in factories and power plants, monitoring inside various furnaces, and disaster prevention, (2) product and event introductions in department stores and hotels, (3) monitoring of people and vehicles in stations and parking lots, (4) crime prevention surveillance cameras in airports, banks, department stores, entertainment districts, etc., (5) traffic control such as automatic license plate readers (N systems), (6) school broadcasts and education, (7) scientific fields such as medicine and astronomy, (8) home door cameras, etc. It is expected that the range of uses for industrial television will continue to expand in the future.

[Toshiyuki Kanagi and Akiyoshiro Yoshikawa]

[Reference] | Television

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

不特定多数の視聴者を相手にする放送とは異なり、ある特定の目的のためにテレビジョンの機能を活用するシステム。略称ITV。産業用テレビジョンや閉回路テレビジョン(CCTV:closed circuit television)などの名称でもよばれる。そのシステムは、ビジコンのような小型撮像管あるいは固体撮像素子を用いたテレビカメラ、受像機および同軸ケーブルで構成される。映像信号を直接送る場合が多いが、伝送路の途中に海、河川、広い道路などがある場合、伝送距離が非常に長い場合、また多チャンネルの信号を送る必要がある場合などでは、カメラの出力信号を変調したり、一部の伝送路に無線伝送を採用したりすることもある。無線伝送は使用周波数上の制限や免許を必要とするため、光通信も行われている。工業用テレビジョンで使用される映像信号の帯域幅は狭帯域で1メガヘルツ以下の場合も多いが、とくに広帯域を要するときは10メガヘルツ以上の場合もある。走査線数はアナログ時代の放送用テレビジョンと同じく525本を採用するもののほか、目的によってあまり解像度を要求しない場合は200本以下が使用されることもある。

 使用機器のなかでとくにカメラが重要である。放送用とは異なり、操作を人が行うことは少なく、もっぱら自動制御や遠隔操作が行われる。設置場所も屋外の風雨にさらされる場所、種々の炉などのように高温の場所、粉炭、塵埃(じんあい)などの多い工場や作業場、移動物体に搭載する場合のように振動、加速度が加わる場所など過酷な条件下で使われることが多い。そのため特殊なカバーや特殊な構造のケースに収められているものもある。

 現在のおもな用途には、(1)工場や発電所などでの生産管理、各種炉内監視、災害防止、(2)デパート、ホテルなどにおける商品や各種催し物の紹介、(3)駅、駐車場における人や車両の監視、(4)空港、銀行、デパート、盛り場などでの犯罪防止用監視カメラ、(5)自動車ナンバー自動読取り装置(Nシステム)などの交通管制、(6)学校放送や教育、(7)医学、天文学などの科学分野、(8)家庭用ドアカメラ、などがある。工業用テレビジョンの利用範囲は今後さらに拡大することが予想される。

[金木利之・吉川昭吉郎]

[参照項目] | テレビジョン

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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