Antares - Antares (English spelling)

Japanese: アンタレス - あんたれす(英語表記)Antares
Antares - Antares (English spelling)

The proper name of the alpha star in the constellation Scorpio. Located in the heart of the scorpion, it is a star that emits a bright red light in the southern summer night sky. The name comes from the Greek Anti-Ares, meaning "opponent of Mars." Since ancient times, it has been called by various names around the world. Its Arabic name is Qalb Al-Acrab (meaning "heart of the scorpion"), and its Chinese name is "fire" or "great fire."

Its position in the celestial sphere in 2000 was 16:29:24 in right ascension and -26°25.9 in declination. It reaches its highest point in the sky at midnight around May 30 every year. Its light is variable, with apparent magnitudes ranging from 0.88 to 1.16. Its color index ( B - V ) is +1.83 (a measure of the color of a celestial body, calculated by subtracting visual magnitude V from blue B ), and its color index ( U - B ) is +1.30 (similarly calculated by subtracting visual magnitude B from ultraviolet U ). It is bright at -3.9 when observed in the K band (infrared wavelength band 2.2 micrometers). Its parallax is 5.4 arc milliseconds, and its distance from Earth is 590 light years. Its proper motion is 25 arc milliseconds per year, and its radial velocity is -3 kilometers per second. It is a supergiant star of spectral type M1.5Ⅰab-Ⅰb, and its radius has been measured from occultations (the phenomenon in which the moon hides celestial bodies such as stars and planets), but the values ​​obtained differ slightly depending on the wavelength observed. In visible light, it is 770 times the radius of the sun, and in infrared light, it is 870 times the radius of the sun. In the solar system, it is so large that it would completely enclose the orbit of Mars and still have room left over. Its mass is estimated to be 12-15 times that of the sun, and its luminosity 40,000-50,000 times that of the sun. Its surface temperature is about 3600K (Kelvin) absolute. Dust (solid fine particles) is formed from gas emitted from the surface of the star, and this gas and dust envelops the star.

Antares is a visual binary star with a companion star of magnitude 6-7, with an angular distance (semi-major axis) of 2.9 arcseconds and an orbital period of 880 years. The companion star (Antares B) is a main sequence star of spectral type B3Ⅴ, and is in the low-temperature stellar wind blowing out from the companion star Antares A. However, the surroundings of the companion star are ionized by ultraviolet radiation from the companion star, and radio waves are emitted from both the stellar wind and the ionized region. Antares is a member of the Scorpio OB Association, a group of relatively young stars.

[Atsuo Yamazaki]

"Spring and Summer Constellations Encyclopedia - More about the Spring and Summer Constellations" by Akira Fujii (Kaiseisha, 2002)

[References] | Association | Occultation | Stars | Scorpio | Main sequence stars | Supergiants | Binary stars
Alpha Scorpio (Antares)
A red supergiant in the constellation Scorpio (center of photo). To the right of it is the globular cluster M4 ©National Astronomical Observatory of Japan ">

Alpha Scorpio (Antares)

Scorpio
©Akira Fujii ">

Scorpio


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

さそり座のα(アルファ)星の固有名。さそりの心臓にあたる部分に位置し、夏の南の夜空に真っ赤な光を放つ恒星。名前の由来はギリシア語で「火星に対抗するもの」Anti-Aresから。古来、世界各地でさまざまな名でよばれた。アラビア名はカルブ・アル・アクラブQalb Al-Acrab(「さそりの心臓」の意)、中国名は「火」「大火」。

 2000年の天球上の位置は赤経16時29分24秒、赤緯マイナス26度25.9分。毎年5月30日ごろ真夜中に南中する。変光しており実視等級は0.88等から1.16等の間で変化する。色指数(BV)はプラス1.83等(天体の色を表す指標の一つで、青色B等級から実視V等級を引いたもの)、(UB)はプラス1.30等(同じく紫外U等級から青色B等級を引いたもの)。Kバンド(赤外波長帯2.2マイクロメートル)で観測した場合はマイナス3.9等と明るい。視差は5.4ミリ秒角で、地球からの距離は590光年。固有運動は25ミリ秒角/年、視線速度はマイナス3キロメートル/秒。スペクトル型M1.5Ⅰab~Ⅰbの超巨星で、掩蔽(月が恒星や惑星などの天体を隠す現象)などからこの星の半径が測定されているが、観測する波長で少し違う値が得られている。可視光では太陽半径の770倍、赤外光では太陽半径の870倍。太陽系でいえば火星の軌道をすっぽり包んでまだ余りがある大きさである。質量は太陽の12~15倍、光度は太陽の4万~5万倍と推定されている。表面温度は絶対温度3600K(ケルビン)程度である。星の表面から放出されるガスからダスト(固体微粒子)が形成され、そのガスとダストが星を包んでいる。

 アンタレスは、光度6~7等の伴星をもつ実視連星で、伴星の角距離(軌道長半径)は2.9秒角、公転周期は880年。この伴星(アンタレスB)はスペクトル型B3Ⅴの主系列星で、主星アンタレスAから吹き出る低温の星風の中にあるが、伴星からの紫外線で伴星の周りは電離しており、電波が星風と電離領域の双方から出ている。アンタレスは、比較的若い星の集団さそり座OBアソシエーションのメンバーである。

[山崎篤磨]

『藤井旭著『春・夏星座図鑑――もっと知りたい春・夏の星座』(2002・偕成社)』

[参照項目] | アソシエーション | 掩蔽 | 恒星 | さそり座 | 主系列星 | 超巨星 | 連星
さそり座α星(アンタレス)
さそり座にある赤色超巨星(写真中央)。その右はM4球状星団©国立天文台">

さそり座α星(アンタレス)

さそり座
©藤井 旭">

さそり座


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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