Amino Acid Fermentation - Amino Sankko

Japanese: アミノ酸発酵 - あみのさんはっこう
Amino Acid Fermentation - Amino Sankko

This refers to the production of microbial amino acids by culturing microorganisms. Usually, bacteria or yeast are used.

In normal microbial cells, the biosynthesis process involves the synthesis of the required amount of protein from amino acids, but by artificially changing the metabolic mechanism, it has become possible to produce abnormally large amounts of amino acids and excrete and accumulate them outside the bacterial cell. This was the result of research by Kinoshita Shukuo (1915-2011) and others in 1955 (Showa 30), and is called amino acid fermentation. As a result, it has become possible to produce a large amount of various amino acids at a lower cost than with conventional methods. Furthermore, it has become possible to convert chemical compounds into amino acids by using microorganisms, or to convert them into amino acids using microbial enzymes. They are produced industrially and are widely used in seasonings, feed, medicines, supplements, etc.

[Masami Soneda]

"Amino Acid Fermentation" edited by Hiroshi Aida, Koichi Takinami, Ichiro Senbata, Kiyoshi Nakayama, and Hideaki Yamada (1986, Academic Press Center)

[Reference] Amino acids

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

微生物を培養し、微生物アミノ酸をつくることをいう。通常は細菌や酵母が使用される。

 通常の微生物の細胞内ではアミノ酸から必要量のタンパク質が合成される生合成過程をとるが、人為的に代謝機構を変換させることによって、異常にアミノ酸を多量に生産させ、菌体外に排出蓄積させることが可能となった。これは、1955年(昭和30)木下祝郎(しゅくお)(1915―2011)らによる研究成果であり、アミノ酸発酵とよばれる。この結果、いろいろなアミノ酸を、従来の方法より、安価で多量に製造できるようになった。さらに、化学合成物に微生物を働かせアミノ酸に変換することや、微生物酵素によってアミノ酸に変換することが可能となった。工業的に製造し、調味料、飼料、医薬品、サプリメントなど広く利用されている。

[曽根田正己]

『相田浩・滝波弘一・千畑一郎・中山清・山田秀明編『アミノ酸発酵』(1986・学会出版センター)』

[参照項目] | アミノ酸

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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