Public Security Faction - Kouanha

A school of Chinese literary thought in the late Ming Dynasty. It was so named because it was centered around the three brothers Yuan Zongdao, Hongdao, and Zhongdao of Gong'an in Hubei Province. The second eldest brother, Hongdao (whose pen name was Zhonglang), was particularly famous. He opposed the pseudo-archaicism of the Kobunci school of Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen, who ruled the mid-Ming Dynasty, and emphasized the value of free thought and individuality, believing that literature should change with the times, and pioneered a fresh style of poetry called the "Gong'an style." In literary theory, he respected the expression of the poet's spirit, that is, the spirit of the poet, and in poetry he valued Bai Juyi and Su Dongpo. Later, the Jingling school of Zhong Xing and others emerged, which inherited this style in some ways and advocated a kind of intuitionism. The theory of sexuality and spirits of Yuan Mei during the Qianlong period was also an extension of the Gong'an school's argument. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Zhou Zuoren, Lin Yutang and others reevaluated the short pieces of prose by this school.

[Yoshihiro Murayama]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末文壇の一派。湖北省公安の袁宗道(えんそうどう)・宏道(こうどう)・中道3兄弟が中心となったのでその名がある。なかでも次兄の宏道（字(あざな)は中郎）が名高い。明の中期を支配していた李攀竜(りはんりゅう)、王世貞(おうせいてい)ら古文辞派の擬古主義に反対し、文学は時代とともに変遷があるべきだとして自由な発想と個性の価値とを強調し、詩文に「公安体」とよばれる清新な作風を開いた。文芸論では性霊すなわち詩人の精神の発露を尊び、詩文においては白楽天と蘇東坡(そとうば)とを重んじた。のち鍾惺(しょうせい)らの竟陵(きょうりょう)派が出てこれを受け継ぐところがあり、一種の直観主義を唱えた。乾隆(けんりゅう)期の袁枚(えんばい)の性霊説も公安派の主張の延長線上にある。民国初めには周作人、林語堂らによるこの派の小品文再評価があった。

［村山吉廣］

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