Pyloric stenosis

Japanese: 幽門狭窄 - ゆうもんきょうさく
Pyloric stenosis

A general term for a condition in which the lumen of the pylorus, which is the exit from the stomach to the duodenum, becomes narrow and the stomach contents do not pass through properly. The main symptom is vomiting, and stomach contents also stagnate, causing stomach expansion. Food intake and absorption does not go as expected, leading to nutritional deficiency, and in severe cases, food does not pass through at all, and if left untreated, death can occur.

The causes include, first of all, digestive ulcers or tumors in or near the pylorus. In the former case, the ulcer often contracts strongly as it heals (cicatrization), narrowing the lumen, while in the latter case, it is often caused by carcinoma. Either type requires surgery. Next, most cases of pyloric stenosis in infants are caused by hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, and surgery is required when conservative treatment with atropine is ineffective, or when significant thickening of the pyloric muscle is palpable from the abdominal wall as a tumor or can be confirmed by ultrasound, and symptoms are severe.

[Hisashi Matsuki]

[References] | Gastric dilatation | Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | Pyloric

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

胃から十二指腸への出口にあたる幽門部の内腔(ないくう)が狭くなって、胃内容がうまく通過しない状態の総称。主症状は嘔吐(おうと)で、そのほか胃内容が停滞して胃拡張をおこす。食物の摂取、吸収が思うようにならず栄養低下をきたし、ひどくなると食物が全然通らず、放置すれば死亡する。

 原因として、まず幽門部あるいは幽門近傍の消化性潰瘍(かいよう)や腫瘍(しゅよう)があげられる。前者では潰瘍が治癒に向かう過程で強いひきつり(瘢痕(はんこん)性収縮)をおこし、内腔が狭められて生ずるものが多く、後者では癌腫(がんしゅ)によるものが多い。いずれも手術が必要である。次に、乳児の幽門狭窄の多くは、肥厚性幽門狭窄症によるもので、アトロピンによる保存的治療が奏功しない場合や、幽門部筋肉の著明な肥厚を腹壁上より明らかに腫瘤(しゅりゅう)として触れたり、超音波検査で確認でき、症状も著しい場合には外科手術が必要となる。

[松木 久]

[参照項目] | 胃拡張 | 肥厚性幽門狭窄症 | 幽門

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