Centaur (English spelling)

Japanese: ケンタウロス - けんたうろす(英語表記)Kentauros
Centaur (English spelling)

A race of half-men and half-horses in Greek mythology. They are said to be the descendants of Ixion, who lusted after the goddess Hera, and mated with a cloud-formed image of Hera, or to be the descendants of the centaurs (personal name) born from that union and mated with a mare. They were violent people living in the mountains of Thessaly, and when they were invited to the wedding of Pirithous, king of the Lapithais, they got drunk and tried to assault the bride and maids, which led to a great battle between the centaurs and the Lapithais. The battle is well known and is depicted on the west pedestal of the Temple of Zeus in Olympia. The centaurs, who were defeated in this battle, were driven out of Thessaly and scattered all over Greece. Among them, Nessus became a ferryman on the Evenus River, but was shot to death by the hero Hercules when he tried to rape Deianira, wife of the hero, while carrying her to the other side. However, among the barbarian centaurs, there were also highly cultured beings such as Phorus and Chiron. Chiron in particular was said to be the son of the Titan god Cronus, not of Ixion's lineage, and was immortal and a master of medicine, hunting, martial arts, and prophecy, becoming the teacher of heroes such as Asclepius, Actaeon, Jason, and Achilles.

The genus name Centaurea , which includes the cornflower (Asteraceae), comes from the legend that Chiron used this herb to treat himself when he accidentally injured his foot with an arrow from his guest Hercules.

[Tetsuro Nakatsuka]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ギリシア神話の半人半馬族。ヘラ女神に情欲を抱いたイクシオンが、雲からつくられたヘラの似姿と交わってもうけた一族とも、あるいはその結合から生まれたケンタウロス(個人名)が、牝馬(めすうま)と交わって生ませた一族ともいわれる。テッサリアの山に住む乱暴者たちで、ラピタイ人の王ペイリトオスの結婚式に招かれたおり、酒に酔って花嫁や侍女たちに狼藉(ろうぜき)をはたらこうとしたことから、ケンタウロスとラピタイ人の間に一大闘争が勃発(ぼっぱつ)する。その模様は、オリンピアのゼウス神殿の西の破風(はふ)に描かれ、よく知られている。この戦いに敗れたケンタウロスたちは、テッサリアを追われてギリシア各地に散らばっていった。なかでもネッソスはエウエノス川の渡し人夫となったが、英雄ヘラクレスの妻ディアネイラを対岸へ運ぶときに彼女を犯そうとしたため、英雄に射殺された。しかし、野蛮なケンタウロスのなかにはフォロスやケイロンといったきわめて文化的な存在もあった。とくにケイロンは、イクシオンの血統ではなくティタン神のクロノスの子とされ、不死身なうえに医術、狩猟、武術、預言術などの達人として、アスクレピオスやアクタイオン、イアソン、アキレウスら英雄の師となった。

 ヤグルマギク(キク科)などの属名Centaureaは、ケイロンが誤って客人ヘラクレスの矢で自分の足を傷つけたとき、この草で治療したという伝承に由来する。

[中務哲郎]

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