Limited time law

Japanese: 限時法 - げんじほう
Limited time law

A law that is enacted with a set validity period. For example, it is enacted in the form of "effective until the date of the date of enforcement" or "applicable for two years from the date of enforcement." With this type of law, the treatment of acts committed during the validity period after the law expires becomes an issue. With regard to this point, with regard to criminal laws, the defendant is acquitted of prosecution when the law is abolished (Criminal Procedure Code, Article 337, Paragraph 2).

However, when the effective period of a criminal law is set in advance, there is a risk that crimes will occur frequently near the expiration date in anticipation of this. Therefore, some believe that in order to ensure the effectiveness of criminal laws, they should be applied to all acts committed during the effective period even after the law expires. However, there is strong opposition to implementing the law in this way in the absence of an explicit provision to that effect, and there is also a strong view that special provisions should be established.

[Tetsuro Nawa]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

一定の有効期間を定めて制定された法律。たとえば、「○年○月○日まで効力を有する」とか、「施行の日より2年間これを適用する」という形式で制定される。この種の法律につき、法律の失効後、有効期間中になされた行為の扱いが問題となる。この点につき、刑罰法規に関しては、その廃止により被告人は免訴の判決を受けることになっている(刑事訴訟法337条2号)。

 ところが、刑罰法規の有効期間があらかじめ定められている場合、これを見越してその失効近くに犯罪が頻発するおそれがある。そこで、刑罰法規の実効性を確保するためには、有効期間中になされたあらゆる行為に対し、法規が失効後もこれを適用すべきである、という見解がある。しかし、その旨の明文がないのに、このような法運用を行うことには反対が強く、特別規定を設けるべきであるという見解も有力である。

[名和鐵郎]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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