... Early excavations were mainly carried out at Assyrian ruins around Mosul in Iraq, and in 1842 the Frenchman PE Botta began excavations at Nineveh and Khorsabad, and in 1845 the British scientist Layard began archaeological research at Nimrud. The main purpose of excavations during this period was to search for ancient remains, and scientific excavations using modern techniques were not until the 20th century, when R. Koldewey in Babylon and W. Andrae in Ashur were discovered, but the discovery of King Ashurbanipal's library in Nineveh was a notable event that became the basis for subsequent philological research. The 22,000 clay tablets discovered were transferred to the British Museum and have been published in sequence. ... From Babylon…Nebuchadnezzar II (reigned 604-562 BC) made campaigns in various regions, thoroughly suppressed rebellious cities, for example through the Babylonian Captivity, and carried out a large-scale reconstruction of the capital. Babylon, which was revealed by the excavations conducted by the German R. Koldewey in 1899-1917 and is often shown in reconstruction drawings, dates from this period. The city was square, surrounded by a double wall, and the Euphrates River ran through the center. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "Koldewey, R." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 初期の発掘はイラクのモースル周辺のアッシリアの遺跡を中心に行われ,1842年にはフランスのボッタP.E.Bottaがニネベ,コルサバードの発掘を開始し,45年にはイギリスのレヤードがニムルドで考古学的調査を開始している。この時期の発掘は古代遺物の探索が主要な目的であって,近代的技術を用いた科学的発掘は20世紀に入ってバビロンにおけるコルデワイR.Koldewey,アッシュールにおけるアンドレーW.Andraeらにまたなければならないが,ニネベにおけるアッシュールバニパル王の書庫の発見は,それ以後の文献学的研究の基礎となる特記すべき事件であった。発見された2万2000個の粘土板は大英博物館に移管され逐次刊行されてきている。… 【バビロン】より…ネブカドネザル2世(在位,前604‐前562)は,各地に遠征し,反抗する都市は,例えばバビロン捕囚のような形で徹底的に抑圧し,また大規模な首都再建を実行した。1899‐1917年に行われたドイツ人コルデワイR.Koldeweyの発掘によって明らかにされ,よく復元図に示されているバビロンはこの時代のものである。都市は方形で二重の城壁に囲まれ,ユーフラテス川が中央を流れる。… ※「Koldewey,R.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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