This refers to cultivation that artificially shortens the hours of daylight by blocking light in order to promote flowering of plants. It takes advantage of the plant's ability to respond to changes in day length (photoperiodism), and is a method to make short-day plants that normally flower from autumn to winter flower during the long days of June to August. It is also called short-day manipulation, shade culture, or shade cultivation. It is often used for potted chrysanthemums, poinsettias, and kalanchoes. Shading is usually done in facilities such as greenhouses and plastic greenhouses (vinyl greenhouses). Covering materials include black vinyl (black cloth), silver polyethylene sheets, asphalt paper, etc., and straw mats are used for small tunnel cultivation. Shading methods vary depending on the type of plant, but generally, the plants are covered early in the evening (4-5am) and removed late in the morning (7-8am). Shading is done for the period during which the plants form flower buds, which can take as little as 20 days and as long as 60 days. Shading is also used to reduce the light when cultivating horticultural plants that do not like strong sunlight, but it must be distinguished from shading caused by short-day treatment. In addition, the method of using shade cultivation in reverse to extend the days in order to promote growth and regulate flowering is called electric light cultivation. [Yasuo Hori] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
植物の開花促進を図るために、光線を遮断して日照時間を人工的に短縮する栽培をいう。植物が日長(昼の長さ)の長短に反応する性質(光周性)を利用したもので、普通秋から冬に花を咲かせる短日性植物を6~8月の長日期間に開花させる手法である。短日操作、シェードカルチャー、遮蔽(しゃへい)栽培ともいう。鉢ギク、ポインセチア、カランコエなどによく利用される。 遮光は普通、温室、プラスチックハウス(ビニルハウス)などの施設内で行われる。被覆材料は黒色ビニル(黒布)、シルバーポリエチレンシート、アスファルトペーパーなどで、小トンネル栽培では薦(こも)類が用いられる。遮光方法は植物の種類により一定ではないが、一般的には夕方早く(4~5時)に被覆し、朝遅く(7~8時)取り除く。植物が花芽を形成する期間被覆処理するが、早いもので20日、長期のものは60日くらいを要する。また、園芸植物で強い日照を嫌う種類を栽培するとき、日覆いをかけて減光することも遮光というが、短日処理による遮光とは区別する必要がある。 なお遮光栽培を逆利用して長日にし、成長の促進や開花調節する方法を電照栽培という。 [堀 保男] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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