Servant - servant

Japanese: 家来 - けらい

In the mid-Heian period, the term "karei" was used to refer to those who followed the ceremonial rites of the regent family, such as nobles. In his Ansai Zuihitsu (Essays on Anzai), Ise Sadatake wrote that the nobles from various families who had frequent contact with the regent family to learn the formalities and customs of official affairs were called karei because they were respecting the regent family just as a child respects his parents. By respecting the regent family, a subordinate relationship was formed between certain people, and various kinds of service came to be performed. Eventually, this custom spread to the samurai class, and in feudal society, performing karei automatically meant forming a subordinate relationship. In the Edo period, the characters "ikerai" and "ieyori" were used as general names for retainers, and they came to be used widely even for people other than samurai.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

平安時代中期には公卿などの摂政家の礼式を用いる人をいい，「家礼」と書いた。伊勢貞丈はその著『安斎随筆』のなかで，公事の法式や故実を習うため摂家方へ親しく出入りする諸家の公家衆を家礼というのは，子が父母を敬うように，摂家を礼するためであると述べている。この摂家を礼することから，特定の人の間に従属的関係が生じ，種々の奉仕も行われるようになった。やがて，この風習が武家の階層に広がって，封建社会では，家礼をいたすことが，おのずから従属関係を結ぶことを意味した。江戸時代に入ると，家臣の一般的呼び名として，「家来」「家頼」の字があてられ，広く武士以外の者にまで使われるようになった。

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