Austrian composer. Born in Vienna on December 3rd. He learned piano from his mother and began composing in 1899. In 1902, he entered the University of Vienna and majored in musicology under G. Adler. In 2004, he became a pupil of Schoenberg, studying composition with Alban Berg and others, and was greatly influenced by his teacher. Since 2008, he has been active as a conductor in various locations. He has served as conductor of the Vienna Workers' Symphony Orchestra and its choir, as well as permanent conductor and advisor to the Austrian Radio. He was also invited to London several times as a guest conductor for the BBC. However, he lost his job with the rise of the Nazi regime. On September 15th, 1945, he was accidentally shot and killed by an American soldier in Mittersill, near Salzburg, where he had been evacuated. Starting from the tradition of late romanticism, he gradually turned to atonal music, creating his own unique style of high tension using small ensembles and small forms. He also followed Schoenberg's lead and produced many complex and elaborate works using the twelve-tone technique, but in his later years he showed a pointillist style based on the principle of extreme condensation and economy of sound, which had a significant influence on avant-garde music after World War II. His major works include the orchestral piece Passacaglia (1908), the string quartet Five Movements (1909), Six Bagatelles (1913), String Quartet (1938), String Trio (1927), Symphony (1928), the cantata Moonlight (1935), First Cantata (1939), Second Cantata (1943), and Variations for Orchestra (1940). [Yumiko Terada] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オーストリアの作曲家。12月3日ウィーンに生まれる。母からピアノの手ほどきを受け、1899年から作曲を始める。1902年ウィーン大学に入学し、G・アドラーのもとで音楽学を専攻。04年からシェーンベルクの弟子となり、アルバン・ベルクらとともに作曲を学び、師から決定的な影響を受けた。08年以降、各地で指揮者として活躍。ウィーン勤労者交響楽演奏会および同合唱団の指揮者、オーストリア放送局常任指揮者、同局顧問等を歴任。またBBC放送の客演指揮者として数度ロンドンに招かれた。しかし、ナチス政権の台頭によって失職。45年9月15日、疎開先のザルツブルク近郊ミッターシルで、アメリカ軍兵士によって誤って射殺された。 彼は後期ロマン主義の伝統から出発して、しだいに無調音楽に向かい、小編成、小形式による緊張度の高い独自の様式をつくりあげていった。さらにシェーンベルクに続いて十二音技法を採用して複雑精緻(せいち)な諸作品を発表したが、後期には一転して、音の極度な凝縮と節約を原理とする点描的な手法を示し、第二次世界大戦後の前衛音楽に重大な影響を及ぼした。主要作品に管弦楽曲『パッサカリア』(1908)、弦楽四重奏曲『五つの楽章』(1909)、同『六つのバガテル』(1913)、『弦楽四重奏曲』(1938)、『弦楽三重奏曲』(1927)、『交響曲』(1928)、カンタータ『月の光』(1935)、『第一カンタータ』(1939)、『第二カンタータ』(1943)、『管弦楽のための変奏曲』(1940)などがある。 [寺田由美子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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