It is to prevent rainwater from entering a building and to handle any leaking rainwater. In a broad sense, it includes the entire roof and exterior wall surfaces, but it usually refers to the areas that are particularly prone to leaks, such as the edges (eaves) and valleys of the roof, the rising points and tops of the parapets (roof railings), and the areas around openings in walls. These areas require special waterproofing treatment in addition to the usual roof and wall surfaces. For example, in the valleys of a sloping roof, rainwater tends to concentrate and flow in these areas, so measures include laying a material that is particularly difficult for water to penetrate, such as copper sheeting, at the bottom. Also, in flat roofs, the waterproof layer must not only be placed on a horizontal surface, but must be raised several tens of centimeters along the parapet. Creating protrusions on the exterior wall along the top and bottom edges of windows (eave projections that are particularly long on the top edge) is also a type of rainproofing, and is sometimes called a water gutter. The exterior walls may be made of a more or less permeable material such as mortar, but the flashing must be covered with an impermeable material such as metal sheeting. [Yamada Koichi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
建物への雨水の浸入を防ぎ、かつ漏れた雨水を処理すること。したがって広義には屋根面、外壁面全体の防水を含むが、通常はそれらのなかでとくに雨漏りをおこしやすい部分、たとえば屋根の端部(螻羽(けらば)、軒(のき))や谷、パラペット(屋上にある手すり壁)の立ち上がり箇所や天端(てんば)(上端のこと)、壁では開口部周辺などの扱いをさす。これらの部分では、通常の屋根面や壁面とは別に特殊な防水処理を施さなければならない。たとえば勾配(こうばい)屋根の谷では、その部分に雨水が集中して流れるので、底に銅板など、とくに水の浸透しにくい材料を敷くなどの処置である。また、陸(ろく)屋根では防水層を単に水平面に置くだけでなく、パラペットに沿わせて数十センチメートルは立ち上げておかなければならない。窓の上下辺に沿って外壁に突起をつくる(上辺の突起をとくに長く突き出したものがひさし)のも一種の雨仕舞で、これを水切りとよぶことがある。外壁にはモルタルのような多少とも浸透性のある材料を用いることもあるが、水切りは金属板のような不浸透性材料で覆っておかなければならない。 [山田幸一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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