Chardonnet - Comte de Chardonnet, Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud

Japanese: シャルドンネ - しゃるどんね(英語表記)Comte de Chardonnet, Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud
Chardonnet - Comte de Chardonnet, Louis-Marie-Hilaire Bernigaud

A French engineer who founded the rayon industry. A graduate of the Ecole Polytechnique, he discovered that a silk-like fiber could be obtained by drawing an alcohol-ether solution of nitrocellulose through small holes, and obtained a patent in 1884. However, the resulting fiber was highly flammable, and after making repeated improvements to this issue, he began to industrialize it after winning the grand prize at the 1889 Paris World's Fair. He raised capital in his hometown of Besançon and began operating the world's first rayon factory in May 1892, and built a factory in Hungary in 1904. At first, mulberry leaves were used as the raw material for cellulose, but it was soon discovered that pulp from other trees and cotton could also be used. Chardonnet's success eventually made it possible to manufacture rayon using other methods, and although Chardonnet rayon was only used until World War I, it is a great achievement to have been the first to industrialize rayon.

[Kato Kunioki]

[Reference item] | Rayon

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

人絹工業を創始したフランスの技術者。理工科大学校(エコール・ポリテクニク)の出身で、ニトロセルロースのアルコール・エーテル溶液を小孔(こあな)から引くと、絹状の繊維が得られることを発見して、1884年に特許を得た。しかし、得られた繊維はきわめて引火しやすく、この点の改良を重ね、1889年のパリ万国博覧会で大賞を得たのちに工業化に着手した。故郷のブザンソンで資本を集め、1892年5月から世界最初の人絹工場の操業を開始し、1904年にはハンガリーにも工場を建設した。セルロースの原料には、初めはクワの葉が使われたが、まもなく他の木のパルプや綿でよいことがわかった。シャルドンネの成功は、やがて他の方法による人絹の製造を可能にし、シャルドンネ人絹は第一次世界大戦までの間使われたにすぎなかったが、人絹を最初に工業化した功績は大きい。

[加藤邦興]

[参照項目] | 人絹

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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