Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Japanese: 十二族長の遺訓 - じゅうにぞくちょうのいくん（英語表記）Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

A book in the Old Testament pseudepigraphy. It records the last words of Jacob's 12 sons on their deathbeds, following the example of Jacob's last words in Genesis 49. In many cases, the passages in Genesis are supplemented and expanded with other materials, and ethical lessons are written in relation to them. Prudence, frugality, mercy, good deeds, chastity, and purity are encouraged, while jealousy, arrogance, alcohol, adultery, anger, lies, and hatred are rejected. Some of the last words express hope for the Messiah. The process of its establishment and development, which is assumed to have a long history, is unclear, but it contains layers that justify the Maccabean (Hasmonean) dynasty, layers that are like the Essenes and Qumran sect, and layers that are like Christians, and it is still difficult to find a consensus on whether it should be viewed as a Christian compilation of Jewish tradition or a Jewish document added by Christians.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

旧約聖書偽典中の一書。《創世記》49章のヤコブの遺訓にならって，ヤコブの12人の息子たちの，死の床での子らへの遺訓を記したもの。多くの場合《創世記》中の記事が他の素材によって補われつつ敷衍（ふえん）され，それに関連して倫理的な教訓が記される。思慮，質素，憐れみ，善行，貞節，純潔などが勧められ，嫉妬，傲慢，酒，姦淫，怒り，うそ，憎しみなどが退けられる。いくつかの遺訓にメシア待望が認められる。長い歴史が推測される成立発展の過程は不明であるが，マカベア(ハスモン)王朝を正当化する層，エッセネ派･クムラン教団的な層，キリスト教的な層が並存しており，ユダヤ教伝承のキリスト教的編集とみるべきか，ユダヤ教文書にキリスト教徒が加筆したものとみるべきか，なお定説を見いだしがたい。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

<<: Heavy day - 11th

>>: Duodecimal system - duodecimal system