Vavilov (English spelling) Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov

Soviet plant geneticist and breeder. Born in Moscow. Enrolled at Moscow Agricultural University in 1906. His early research focused on developing plant immunity, disease resistance, and disease-resistant varieties. Later, based on his collection and research of wild and cultivated plants from around the world, he established the "Law of Homologous Series of Genetic Variations" (1920), which states that similar genetic variations occur even in different species and genera, and the "Phytogeographical Differentiation Method," which divides plants into smaller groups from larger taxonomic groups and further into smaller groups according to the composition of genetic variations, and creates a distribution map of plant variants from the results. He also published "Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants" (1926), which states that regions where a variety of variations are concentrated are the centers of origin of species and varieties, and that the centers are home to original plants with dominant characteristics, while remote areas are home to many mutant lineages with recessive characteristics, and divided the birthplaces of cultivated plants into seven major centers (1940). Cultivated plants have been collected and maintained at the All-Soviet Vavilov Institute of Plant Cultivation in St. Petersburg.

[Noboru Yanagishita]

"Studies on the birthplaces of cultivated plants" by N.I. Vavilov, translated by Eiji Nakamura (1980, Yasaka Shobo)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ソ連の植物遺伝・育種学者。モスクワ生まれ。1906年モスクワ農業大学に入学。初期の研究は植物の免疫性、耐病性、耐病性品種の育成にあった。のちに、世界各地の野生および栽培植物の収集、研究をもとに、種や属が異なっていても互いに似た遺伝的変異がおこるとする「遺伝的変異の相同系列の法則」（1920）、また、植物を大きな分類群から順次小さな群に、さらに遺伝的変異の構成別に細分し、その結果から植物の変異型の分布地図を作成する「植物地理的微分法」を確立した。さらに多様な変異が集中している地方を種や変種の起源中心地とし、中心地には優性形質をもつ起源植物が、そこからの遠隔地には劣性形質をもつ変異系統植物が多いとする『栽培植物の起源中心地』（1926）を発表、栽培植物の発祥地を七大中心地に分けた（1940）。バビロフ記念全ソ連植物栽培研究所（サンクト・ペテルブルグ）で栽培植物の収集、維持が図られてきた。

［柳下　登］

『N・I・ヴァヴィロフ著、中村英司訳『栽培植物発祥地の研究』（1980・八坂書房）』

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