Alfred Hitchcock

Japanese: ヒッチコック - ひっちこっく(英語表記)Alfred Hitchcock
Alfred Hitchcock

A British-born film director, he was mainly active in the United States from the 1940s onwards. He was an unrivalled leader in thriller and suspense films, and captivated film fans around the world with his storytelling technique, known as the "Hitchcock touch," which kept the audience on the edge of their seats while effortlessly guiding their emotions.

Born on August 13, 1899, in the suburbs of London. He studied fine art at the University of London, worked as a title writer, and became a director in 1925. His third film was the thriller The Lodger (1926), which featured a motif he would later depict again and again, such as a man trying to clear his name of a crime he did not commit. He gained fame with his first talkie, Blackmail (1929), and made a series of spy films in Britain, including The Assassin's House (1934), The Thirty-Nine Nights (1935), The Spy's Last Days (1936), and The Balkan Express (1938), before moving to the United States in 1939. His first American film, Rebecca (1940), won an Academy Award for Best Picture. He gained fame with films such as Shadow of a Doubt (1943), and especially after Strangers on a Train (1951), he went on to star in films such as Dial M for Murder! He produced a series of huge hits, including masterpieces such as "Rear Window" (both 1954), "Vertigo" (1958), "North by Northwest" (1959), "Psycho" (1960), and "The Birds" (1963).

His brilliant romances, featuring beautiful actresses such as Ingrid Bergman and Grace Kelly and handsome men such as Cary Grant and James Stewart, his ingenuity in one-shot dramas such as Rope (1948), his skillful depictions that stimulate the audience's imagination, and his effective use of props were highly praised in the 1950s by not only general audiences but also by Eric Rohmer and Francois Truffaut, who were critics at the time, and his popularity has not waned since. In his later years, he made Frenzy (1972) and The Family (1976), and died on April 29, 1980, at the age of 80. His television movie series Hitchcock Presents (1955-1962) and Hitchcock Suspense (1962-1965) were well-known for his humorous commentary by Hitchcock himself, and he was also known for making brief appearances in his own films.

[Deguchi Taketo]

Documents List of Director's Works

The Pleasure Garden (1925)
The Mountain Eagle (1926)
The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog (1926)
The Ring (1927)
The Ring (1927)
Downhill (1927)
The Farmer's Wife (1928)
Champagne (1928)
The Manxman (1929)
Blackmail (1929)
Juno and the Paycock (1929)
Elstree Calling (1930)
Murder! (1930)
The Skin Game (1931)
Rich and Strange (1931)
Number Seventeen (1932)
The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934)
The 39 Steps (1935)
Secret Agent (1936)
Sabotage (1936)
Young and Innocent (1937)
The Lady Vanishes (1938)
Jamaica Inn (1939)
Rebecca (1940)
Foreign Correspondent (1940)
Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1941)
Suspicion (1941)
Escape Maze Saboteur (1942)
Shadow of a Doubt (1943)
Adventure in Malgache (1944)
Bon Voyage (1944)
Lifeboat (1944)
Spellbound (1945)
Notorious (1946)
The Paradine Case (1947)
Rope (1948)
Under Capricorn (1949)
Stage Fright (1950)
Strangers on a Train (1951)
I Confess (1953)
Dial M for Murder (1954)
To Catch a Thief (1954)
Rear Window (1954)
The Trouble with Harry (1955)
The Man Who Knew Too Much (1956)
The Wrong Man (1956)
Vertigo (1958)
North by Northwest (1959)
Psycho (1960)
The Birds (1963)
Marnie (1964)
Torn Curtain (1966)
Topaz (1969)
Frenzy (1972)
Family Plot (1976)

"Hitchcock: His Films and Life, Volumes 1 and 2, by Donald Spotow, translated by Katsuya Keiko et al. (1988, Hayakawa Publishing)""The Definitive Guide to the Art of Cinema: Hitchcock and Truffaut, revised edition, by François Truffaut, translated by Yamada Koichi and Hasumi Shigehiko (1990, Shobunsha)" ▽ "The Art of Hitchcock: The Art of 53 Films, by Donald Spotow, translated by Seki Midori (1994, Kinema Junposha)" ▽ "Hitchcock and Lacan: The Economy of Cinematic Desire, supervised by Slavoj Zizek, translated by Tsuyuzaki Toshikazu et al. (1994, Libroport) " ▽ "Alfred Hitchcock: The Magician of Suspense, by Robert A. Harris et al., translated by Hikasa Chiaki (1995, Shinko Music)""Alfred Hitchcock, The Films Himself" (1999, Chikuma Shobo), translated by Keisuke Suzuki ; "Hitch: The Art of Suspense - The World of Alfred Hitchcock" (2000, Neko Publishing) ; "Hitchcock" by Arihiro Hasumi (Kodansha Gendai Shinsho)

[References] | British film | Rear Window | Horror film | Psycho | Thriller | Vertigo

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イギリス出身の映画監督。1940年以降はおもにアメリカで活躍。スリラー、サスペンス映画では他の追随を許さぬ第一人者で、観客をはらはらさせながら自在にその気持ちを誘導する「ヒッチコック・タッチ」とよばれる話術で、世界の映画ファンを魅了した。

 1899年8月13日ロンドン郊外に生まれる。ロンドン大学で美術を学び、タイトル書きなどを経て1925年監督になる。第三作で早くもスリラーの『下宿人』(1926)を発表、無実の罪を晴らそうとする男などの、後年再三描かれるモチーフをみせた。トーキー第一作『恐喝(ゆすり)』(1929)で声価を高め、一連のスパイもの『暗殺者の家』(1934)、『三十九夜』(1935)、『間諜(かんちょう)最後の日』(1936)、『バルカン超特急』(1938)などイギリスでの代表作を残して、1939年に渡米した。アメリカでの第一作『レベッカ』(1940)でアカデミー作品賞を受賞。『疑惑の影』(1943)などで名を高め、とくに『見知らぬ乗客』(1951)以後、『ダイヤルMを廻(まわ)せ!』『裏窓』(ともに1954)、『めまい』(1958)、『北北西に進路を取れ』(1959)、『サイコ』(1960)、『鳥』(1963)などの傑作群を生み、大ヒットさせた。

 イングリッド・バーグマン、グレース・ケリーなどの美人女優とケーリー・グラント、ジェームズ・スチュアートなどの二枚目を使っての華麗なロマンスと、ワン・ショットでドラマを描こうとした『ロープ』(1948)にみられるような創意工夫、観客に想像をたくましくさせる巧みな描写、小道具を効果的に用いる演出などは、一般観客だけでなく、批評家時代のエリック・ロメール、フランソワ・トリュフォーらにより1950年代に高く評価され、その人気は以降衰えることがない。晩年『フレンジー』(1972)、『ファミリー・プロット』(1976)を撮り、1980年4月29日80歳で死去。テレビ映画のシリーズ『ヒッチコック劇場』(1955~1962)、『ヒッチコック・サスペンス』(1962~1965)は、彼自身のユーモラスな解説で親しまれ、また自作映画にほんのすこし姿を見せることでも知られる。

[出口丈人]

資料 監督作品一覧

快楽の園 The Pleasure Garden(1925)
山鷲 The Mountain Eagle(1926)
下宿人 The Lodger : A Story of the London Fog(1926)
ふしだらな女 The Ring(1927)
リング The Ring(1927)
ダウンヒル Downhill(1927)
農夫の妻 The Farmer's Wife(1928)
シャンパーニュ Champagne(1928)
マンクスマン The Manxman(1929)
恐喝 Blackmail(1929)
ジュノーと孔雀 Juno and the Paycock(1929)
エルストリー・コーリング Elstree Calling(1930)
殺人! Murder!(1930)
スキン・ゲーム The Skin Game(1931)
リッチ・アンド・ストレンジ Rich and Strange(1931)
第十七番 Number Seventeen(1932)
暗殺者の家 The Man Who Knew Too Much(1934)
三十九夜 The 39 Steps(1935)
間諜最後の日 Secret Agent(1936)
サボタージュ Sabotage(1936)
第3逃亡者 Young and Innocent(1937)
バルカン超特急 The Lady Vanishes(1938)
巌窟の野獣 Jamaica Inn(1939)
レベッカ Rebecca(1940)
海外特派員 Foreign Correspondent(1940)
スミス夫妻 Mr. & Mrs. Smith(1941)
断崖 Suspicion(1941)
逃走迷路 Saboteur(1942)
疑惑の影 Shadow of a Doubt(1943)
マダガスカルの冒険 Aventure Malgache(1944)
闇の逃避行 Bon Voyage(1944)
救命艇 Lifeboat(1944)
白い恐怖 Spellbound(1945)
汚名 Notorious(1946)
パラダイン夫人の恋 The Paradine Case(1947)
ロープ Rope(1948)
山羊座のもとに Under Capricorn(1949)
舞台恐怖症 Stage Fright(1950)
見知らぬ乗客 Strangers on a Train(1951)
私は告白する I Confess(1953)
ダイヤルMを廻せ! Dial M for Murder(1954)
泥棒成金 To Catch a Thief(1954)
裏窓 Rear Window(1954)
ハリーの災難 The Trouble with Harry(1955)
知りすぎていた男 The Man Who Knew Too Much(1956)
間違えられた男 The Wrong Man(1956)
めまい Vertigo(1958)
北北西に進路を取れ North by Northwest(1959)
サイコ Psycho(1960)
鳥 The Birds(1963)
マーニー Marnie(1964)
引き裂かれたカーテン Torn Curtain(1966)
トパーズ Topaz(1969)
フレンジー Frenzy(1972)
ファミリー・プロット Family Plot(1976)

『ドナルド・スポトー著、勝矢桂子他訳『ヒッチコック――映画と生涯』上下(1988・早川書房)』『フランソワ・トリュフォー著、山田宏一・蓮實重彦訳『定本 映画術――ヒッチコック・トリュフォー』改訂版(1990・晶文社)』『ドナルド・スポトー著、関美冬訳『アート・オブ・ヒッチコック――53本の映画術』(1994・キネマ旬報社)』『スラヴォイ・ジジェク監修、露崎俊和他訳『ヒッチコックによるラカン――映画的欲望の経済(エコノミー)』(1994・リブロポート)』『ロバート・A・ハリス他著、日笠千晶訳『アルフレッド・ヒッチコック――サスペンスの魔術師』(1995・シンコー・ミュージック)』『アルフレッド・ヒッチコック著、鈴木圭介訳『ヒッチコック映画自身』(1999・筑摩書房)』『『Hitch ; The Art of Suspense――アルフレッド・ヒッチコックの世界』(2000・ネコ・パブリッシング)』『筈見有弘著『ヒッチコック』(講談社現代新書)』

[参照項目] | イギリス映画 | 裏窓 | 恐怖映画 | サイコ | スリラー | めまい

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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