This experiment uses the resonance phenomenon of an air column (a column of air inside a tube) to measure the frequency of a rod's longitudinal vibration and the speed of longitudinal waves traveling inside the rod. It is named after the German physicist Kundt, who first performed it in 1866. As shown in , a glass tube about 1 meter long is placed horizontally, and a light powder such as fine cork powder is evenly scattered inside the tube. One end is sealed with cork stopper A, the position of which can be adjusted, and a metal rod or a disk B attached to the end of a glass rod is inserted into the other end. The metal rod is fixed at the center M.If rosin is applied to cloth or leather and the rod is rubbed vigorously from M to C, a high-pitched sound will be produced. If the position of the cork at A is adjusted while the sound is being produced, the vibration of the rod will resonate with the air column in the glass tube, generating a standing wave. The powder in the tube moves most violently at the antinodes of the standing wave (where the amplitude is maximum), and will eventually gather at the nodes of the standing wave (where the amplitude is minimum), forming equally spaced stripes. By measuring the average length l of the stripes, the rod's vibration frequency, the speed of the waves in the rod, and the rod's Young's modulus can be measured. [Mitsuo Ishikawa] [Reference] | | |©Shogakukan "> Kundt's experiment (figure) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
気柱(管の中の柱状の空気)の共鳴現象を利用して、棒の縦振動の振動数や棒の中を伝わる縦波の速度を測定する実験。1866年、ドイツの物理学者クントが初めて行ったのでこの名がある。 のように、長さが1メートルぐらいのガラス管を水平に置き、管内にはコルクの細粉のような軽い粉末を一様にまいておく。一方の端は位置を調節することのできるコルク栓Aで密閉し、他方の端には金属棒またはガラス棒の先に取り付けた円板Bを差し込んでおく。金属棒は中央Mで固定されている。布あるいは革に松脂(まつやに)をつけて、棒のMからCまでの部分を強くこすると高い音を出す。音を出しながらAのコルク栓の位置を調節すると、棒の振動とガラス管内の気柱が共鳴して定常波が発生する。管内の粉末は、定常波の腹(振幅が極大になるところ)のところでもっとも激しく動くので、結局、定常波の節(振幅が極小となるところ)のところに集まって、等間隔の縞(しま)ができる。縞の平均の長さlを測定することにより、棒の振動数や、棒の中の波の速度、および棒のヤング率を測定できる。 [石川光男] [参照項目] | | |©Shogakukan"> クントの実験〔図〕 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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