Military administration

Japanese: 軍政 - ぐんせい（英語表記）military administration

Military administration. It is responsible for the construction, maintenance, management, and education of military institutions and units. Planning and execution of operations and the use of military forces are handled by military orders, which are distinct from military administration. Although the distinction is not clear, in the United States, where the superiority of politics over the military was established since the establishment of the military, and in the United Kingdom, where the parliamentary system was well developed, the fields that belong to military administration are generally wide, and in some countries, such as France, where military administration and military command are unified. In the former Japanese military, the military sometimes confused military administration and military command, and sometimes separated them, as the basis for establishing political control of the military. During the Satsuma Rebellion, the military administration and military command were delegated military authority to suppress and conquer rebellions, and the French system, which had been the model since the founding of the army, was changed to a German-style dualism, which led to a distortion and broad interpretation of military command (→ supreme command). Currently, in order to strengthen political (parliamentary) control over the military, each country has politicians, civil servants, party leaders, businessmen, scholars, etc. participating in military administration. The most common structure is that military administration is conducted by military personnel from the frontline military forces to the central General Staff, and above that, central administration is often conducted by civilians. In addition, the parliament is involved in military administration by reviewing the budget, deliberation of laws, and having the right to investigate national affairs. In some countries, the head of state has ultimate command of the three military services.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

軍事行政のこと。軍事諸機関，各部隊の建設維持，管理，教育などを実行する。作戦，兵力の運用の計画実行は軍令に属し，軍政と区別される。その区分は明確でないが，建軍以来政治の軍事に対する優位が確立していたアメリカや議会制度の発達していたイギリスでは，一般に軍政に属する分野が広く，またフランスのように，軍政・軍令一元主義のところもある。旧日本軍では軍部が軍政と軍令とをある場合には混同し，ある場合には分離して，軍の政治支配確立の基盤とした。西南戦争に際して，軍政・軍令の軍事権を委任されて鎮圧，征討にあたったこと，陸軍創設以来模範としてきたフランスの制度を，ドイツ式の二元主義に変えたことにより，軍令が歪曲・拡大解釈されるにいたった (→統帥権 ) 。現在では，各国とも，政治 (議会) の軍に対するコントロールを強めるため，軍政には，政治家，文官，政党指導者，実業家，学者などを参加させている。一般的な形態は，軍実施 (第一線) 部隊から中央の参謀本部までは，軍人により行政を行い，それ以上については民間人を中心とする中央行政を行うものが多い。また議会が予算，法律の審議，国政の調査権などによって軍政に関与する。国によっては，3軍の最高指揮権を元首がもっている。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Group of people - Gunzo

>>: Military system