A city in the Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia. Kronshlot was a port city on Kotlin Island in the eastern Gulf of Finland, about 30 km west of St. Petersburg. It began in 1703 when Peter the Great built a fortress and a naval port to defend St. Petersburg, and developed into a base for the Baltic Fleet. It was also a bustling trading port until 1875-85, when a waterway to St. Petersburg was dug at the inner bay. It was often the scene of rebellions, and sailors stationed in Kronshtadt played a major role during the Russian Revolution (→ Kronshtadt Rebellion). It also contributed greatly to the defense of Leningrad during the siege of the city during World War II. The port freezes over from early December to April, so icebreakers are deployed. Population 42,992 (2005 estimate). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ロシア北西部,レニングラード州の都市。1723年までクロンシロート Kronshlot。サンクトペテルブルグの西約 30km,フィンランド湾東部のコトリン島にある港湾都市。1703年ピョートル1世がサンクトペテルブルグ防衛のため,要塞と軍港を構築したのが始まりで,バルチック艦隊の根拠地となって発展。また 1875~85年湾奥のサンクトペテルブルグへいたる水路が掘削されるまでは,貿易港としてもにぎわった。しばしば反乱の舞台となり,ロシア革命時にはクロンシタットに駐屯する水兵が大きな役割を果たした(→クロンシタットの反乱)。また第2次世界大戦中レニングラード包囲戦に際しては,その防衛に大きく貢献した。港は 12月初旬から 4月まで結氷するため,砕氷船が出動する。人口 4万2992 (2005推計) 。
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