Juglans; walnut

Japanese: クルミ(胡桃) - クルミ（英語表記）Juglans; walnut

It is a general term for the genus Juglans in the Juglandaceae family, but the Japanese walnut and Japanese walnut cultivated for food are sometimes simply called walnuts. Japanese walnut J. ailanthifolia is a deciduous tree that grows wild and is cultivated widely in Japan, reaching a height of 20 m and a diameter of about 1 m. It has large pinnate compound leaves. It is monoecious and blooms at the same time as the young leaves in May. In autumn, it bears drupes about 3 cm in diameter. The drupes are very hard and deeply wrinkled, and inside there are white seeds wrapped in a thin skin. The cotyledons contain a lot of protein and fat, and can be eaten as is or used as an ingredient in cooking and sweets. The wood is less likely to warp, so it is used for furniture and utensils. Japanese walnut (Persian walnut) J. regia , native to Western Asia and China, has a thin kernel shell that cracks easily, so it is in high demand as a nut for sweets and food, and is cultivated on a considerable scale around Komoro City in Nagano Prefecture. It is also called oak walnut.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

クルミ科クルミ属の総称であるが，食用に栽培されるオニグルミやテウチグルミを単にクルミと呼ぶこともある。オニグルミ J. ailanthifoliaは日本に広く野生し，また栽培される落葉高木で，高さ 20m，直径 1mぐらいになる。葉は大型の羽状複葉。雌雄同株で花は5月頃若葉と同時に開く。秋，直径 3cmぐらいの核果を結ぶ。核果は非常に堅く深い皺があり，内部に薄い皮に包まれた白色の種子がある。子葉は多量の蛋白質と脂肪分を含み，そのまま食べたりまたは料理や菓子の材料にする。材は狂いが少いので家具や器具材として用いられる。西アジアから中国に原産するテウチグルミ (ペルシアグルミ) J. regiaは核の殻が薄く容易に割れるので菓子用や食用ナッツとして需要が多く，長野県の小諸市周辺などでかなりの規模で栽培されている。カシグルミともいう。

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