Court, Pieter de la

Japanese: クール(英語表記)Court, Pieter de la
Court, Pieter de la
Born: 1618. Leiden
Died April 28, 1685. Dutch economic thinker from Amsterdam. Born in 1618 to a wealthy wool merchant in Leiden, he studied law and theology at Leiden University and succeeded his father. As a wealthy and knowledgeable citizen, he gradually became important in industry and city government. He belonged to the anti-Orange faction and was trusted and protected by J. De With, a leader in Dutch politics. In 1662, he published Interest van Holland ofte Gronden van Hollands Welvaren (Interests of the Province of Holland) and defended De With's ideas. He lived in Amsterdam for a time, and when De With was murdered in 1672, he fled to Antwerp (Antwerp). He discussed Leiden's economic foundations and ways to prosper in Het Welvaren der Stadt Leiden (The Prosperity of the City of Leiden) (1659), but it was not published until the 20th century.

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Chur

The capital of the canton of Graubünden in eastern Switzerland. The city developed on the route from Italy over the Alps and along the Rhine valley to central Europe, and has its origins in Roman times. It is a popular tourist destination, with Catholic St. Lucius Cathedral (Romanesque style, 1175-1282), Protestant St. Martin's Cathedral (founded in the 8th century, rebuilt in Gothic style 1476-91), Bishop's Palace (rebuilt 1728-37), Rattisch Museum, and State Art Museum. It is the trading center for high-quality wine produced in the area, and light industry is also carried out. Almost all residents speak German, and more than half are Protestant. It is the starting point for transportation to the Arosa ski resort. Population 30,186 (1991 estimate).

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Coeur, Jacques

Born: circa 1395, Bourges
[Died] November 25, 1456. Chios. A great French merchant and businessman. He was treasurer of King Charles VII. In 1441, he was granted nobility and received royal treatment. He made a great fortune through his activities in diplomacy, expanding trade with the eastern Mediterranean coast (the Levant), stabilizing the currency, establishing a standing army for the kingdom, and promoting various industries and mining (Beaujolais and Lyon). In 1451, he was arrested by the king on false charges and had his property confiscated, but he escaped to the Pope. Later, King Louis XI restored his honor and returned some of his property to his children. His chaise d'hôte at Bourges is an important example of 15th-century civil architecture.

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Court, Antoine

[Birth] 1695
[Died] 1760
A pastor of the French Reformed Church. After the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), French Protestants were in a state of disarray, drifting between fanaticism and apostasy. In 1715, he held the first synod in a quarry called the "Wilderness" in the mountains of Nîmes, marking the first step in the restoration of Protestantism. Despite various persecutions, he worked hard to restore Protestantism, including by founding a seminary for French people in Lausanne, Switzerland.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1618. ライデン
[没]1685.4.28. アムステルダム
オランダの経済思想家。 1618年ライデン市の富裕な毛織物業者の子として生れ,ライデン大学で法学,神学を学んだのち,父の跡を継いだ。豊かで知識のある市民として次第に業界や市政に重きをなした。反オランニェ派に属し,オランダ政界の指導者 J.デ・ウィットの信頼と保護を受け,62年『ホラント州の利益』 Interest van Holland ofte Gronden van Hollands Welvarenを出版し,デ・ウィットの考えを擁護した。一時アムステルダムに住み,72年デ・ウィットが虐殺されるとアントワープ (アントウェルペン) に難を避けた。彼は『ライデン市の繁栄』 Het Welvaren der Stadt Leiden (1659) においてライデンの経済的基盤とその繁栄策を論じたが,出版されたのは 20世紀になってからであった。

クール
Chur

スイス東部,グラウビュンデン州の州都。イタリアからアルプスの峠を越え,ラインの谷に沿って中部ヨーロッパにいたる交通路に発達した都市で,ローマ時代に起源をもつ。カトリックの聖ルキウス大聖堂 (ロマネスク様式,1175~1282) ,プロテスタントの聖マルチヌス聖堂 (8世紀創設を,ゴシック様式で 1476~91再建) ,司教館 (1728~37再建) ,レティッシュ博物館,州立美術館などがあり,観光客が多い。付近で産する良質のワインの取引の中心地で,軽工業も行われる。住民はほぼ全員がドイツ語を話し,半数強がプロテスタント。スキー場アローザへの交通起点。人口3万 186 (1991推計) 。

クール
Coeur, Jacques

[生]1395頃.ブールジュ
[没]1456.11.25. キオス島
フランスの大商人,実業家。国王シャルル7世の財務官として重用された。 1441年貴族身分を与えられて王族に等しい待遇を受け,外交,地中海東方沿岸 (レバント) 貿易の拡大,貨幣の安定化,王国常備軍の創設,諸工業や鉱山業 (ボージョレー,リヨン地方) の振興などに活躍して,巨富を得た。 51年讒言 (ざんげん) によって国王に逮捕され,財産を没収されたが,ローマ教皇のもとに逃走。後年国王ルイ 11世は彼の名誉を回復,子供たちに没収財産の一部を返還した。ブールジュの館は,15世紀における民間建築物の範型として重要。

クール
Court, Antoine

[生]1695
[没]1760
フランス改革派教会の牧師。ナントの勅令廃止 (1685) 後,無秩序のまま狂信と背教の間をさまよっていたフランスのプロテスタントのために,1715年ニームの山奥の「荒野」と呼ばれる石切場で第1回教会会議を開いて,プロテスタント再建の第1歩とした。さまざまな迫害を受けながらも,スイスのローザンヌにフランス人のための神学校を創設するなどして再建のために尽した。

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