Grillparzer - Franz Grillparzer

A representative Austrian playwright of the 19th century. Born in Vienna as the son of a lawyer. After his father's death, he supported his family by working as a private tutor, and then began his career as an apprentice at the Imperial Library, working as a civil servant until 1856. He had a deep knowledge of Goethe, Schiller, Shakespeare, Greek classics, and the literature of Spanish writers such as Calderón and Lope de Vega. He was recommended by Schreivogel, the director of the Burgtheater, to receive recognition for his work The Ancestor (1817), but in response to criticism that this work was considered a tragedy of fate, he established his fame with Saffo (1818), based on Greek legend, and the trilogy The Golden Fleece (1821). However, due to the pressure of the Metternich regime, works such as the Italian travel poem Campo Vacino (1819), the historical drama The Happiness and End of King Ottokar (1825), and The Master's Faithful Servant (1828) were not well received. Other works include The Sea Waves, The Love Waves (1831), the folk dramas The Dream is Life (1834), Libussa (1848), The Dispute of the Habsburg Brothers (1848), and the tragedies The Jewess (1851), as well as the comedy Woe to the Liar (1838). Among his novels are The Corner Musicians of Vienna (1848), which Stifter praised as a masterpiece of short stories, and The Monastery of Senddomia (1828). He was friends with Beethoven and wrote Memories of Beethoven (1844-45).

[Jiro Sato]

"Zaffo" (translated by Jiro Saneyoshi, Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Waves of the Sea, Waves of Love" (translated by Eiichi Banshoya, Iwanami Bunko)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

19世紀オーストリアの代表的劇作家。ウィーンで弁護士の子として生まれる。父の死後家庭教師をして一家を支え、やがて帝室図書館の見習いを振り出しに1856年まで官吏生活を送る。ゲーテ、シラーをはじめ、シェークスピア、ギリシア古典、スペインのカルデロン、ローペ・デ・ベーガらの文学に造詣(ぞうけい)が深い。ブルク劇場監督シュライフォーゲルに推され『祖先の女』（1817）で認められるが、この作を運命悲劇とみなされた反発からギリシア伝説に題材をとる『ザッフォー』（1818）、三部作『金羊毛皮』（1821）によって名声を確立した。しかし、メッテルニヒ体制の圧力により、イタリア紀行詩『カムポ・ウァチーノ』（1819）、歴史劇『オットカル王の幸福と最期』（1825）、『主人の忠実なる下僕』（1828）などの作品は不遇の目にあう。ほかに『海の波恋の波』（1831）、民衆劇風の『夢は人生』（1834）や『リブッサ』（1848）、『ハプスブルク家の兄弟争い』（1848）、『ユダヤの女』（1851）などの悲劇、喜劇『偽る者に禍(わざわい)あれ』（1838）など。小説では、シュティフターが短編小説の傑作と絶賛した『ウィーンの辻(つじ)音楽師』（1848）、および『ゼンドミアの僧院』（1828）がある。ベートーベンと親交があり、『ベートーベンの思い出』（1844～45）がある。

［佐藤自郎］

『実吉捷郎訳『ザッフォー』（岩波文庫）』▽『番匠谷英一訳『海の波恋の波』（岩波文庫）』

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