Glass for crafts with high reflectivity, refractive index, and transparency. For this reason, it contains a large amount of lead oxide (24% by weight or more according to European standards). Vases and high-end tableware are often thick, so special attention must be paid to the purity of the raw materials so that coloring from impurities (especially iron oxide) is not noticeable. In addition, because the glass is relatively soft, it is often cut (cut glass) to emphasize the beauty of the reflection and refraction of light, which is why it is confused with the name cut glass. Compared to the specific gravity of ordinary glass, which is about 2.5, this glass is heavy, with a specific gravity of 3 or more, and when struck, it often produces a clear metallic sound. An example of its composition is silicon dioxide SiO 2 58.2, potassium oxide K 2 O 12.0, calcium oxide CaO 4.1, and lead oxide PbO 25.7%. In the 2000s, lead-free crystal glass began to be produced due to the problem of environmental pollution caused by the toxicity of lead. Glasses have been produced that contain large amounts of potassium or that also contain oxides with high refractive indexes, such as zirconia (zirconium oxide) ZrO2 or titanium dioxide TiO2 . [Teruo Sakaino and Setsuro Ito] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
反射率、屈折率、透明度の高い工芸用のガラス。そのために酸化鉛を多量(ヨーロッパ規格では24重量%以上)に含有している。花器、高級食器などでは多く肉厚となるので不純物(とくに酸化鉄)による着色が目だたないように、原料の純度にはとくに注意を払う必要がある。またガラスの質が比較的軟らかいので、しばしばカット(切子(きりこ)細工)が施され、光の反射、屈折の美しさを強調するようにくふうされているため、カットガラスという呼び名と混同されている。一般のガラスの比重が約2.5であるのに対し、3あるいはそれ以上あって重く、たたくと多くは澄んだ金属性の音がする。組成の例をあげると、二酸化ケイ素SiO2 58.2、酸化カリウムK2O 12.0、酸化カルシウムCaO 4.1、酸化鉛PbO 25.7%。2000年代に入り、鉛の毒性による環境汚染の問題から、鉛を含まないクリスタルガラスがつくられるようになってきた。カリウムを多量に含むガラス、あるいは、それにジルコニア(酸化ジルコニウム)ZrO2や二酸化チタンTiO2などの高い屈折率をもつ酸化物を含むガラスがつくられている。 [境野照雄・伊藤節郎] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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