This refers to the process of dissolving specific elements contained in a solid phase into an aqueous solution. It is also used to recover necessary elements from ores with low grade or complex mineral composition. Leaching, which is carried out after useful minerals have been concentrated to a certain extent, is a type of hydrometallurgy. Heap leaching is a method in which the mined ore is piled up and leachate is poured onto it, while in-place leaching is a method in which the leachate is poured directly into a low-grade ore body. When the target mineral is a sulfide, certain bacteria oxidize it to produce sulfuric acid, which increases the efficiency of leaching. This is called bacterial leaching. The biggest drawback of this method for recovering useful metals is that it is not possible to adjust production. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
固相中に含まれる特定元素を水溶液中に溶解させる操作をいう。低品位あるいは複雑な鉱物組成をもつ鉱石から,必要な元素を回収する場合にも利用される。有用鉱物をある程度濃集した後のリーチングは,湿式冶金 (やきん) の一種である。採掘した鉱石を積み上げて,これに浸出液をかける方法をヒープリーチング,低品位の鉱体中にそのまま浸出液を流す方法をインプレースリーチングという。対象鉱物が硫化物の場合,ある種のバクテリアはこれを酸化して硫酸を生成し,リーチングの能率を高める。これをバクテリアリーチングという。この方法による有用金属の回収法は,生産調整ができないことが最大の欠点である。
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