Allata body hormone

Japanese: アラタ体ホルモン - あらたたいほるもん
Allata body hormone

A hormone secreted from the corpora allata of insects. It is also called juvenile hormone. Chemically, it is classified as a terpene. Its main function is to maintain larval characteristics during the larval stage of insects and promote egg maturation in adults. Insects grow by molting several times, and finally become adults. During this process, the corpus allata hormone acts antagonistically to the metamorphosis-promoting hormone secreted from the prothoracic gland, leading to molting that maintains larval characteristics. A decrease in the activity of the corpus allata in the final instar, or removal of the corpus allata in young larvae, results in a lack of this hormone, inducing metamorphosis or precocious metamorphosis. Corpus allata hormone is also required to maintain the function of the prothoracic gland, a larval organ. The corpus allata, which becomes inactive in the final instar of larvae, is reactivated as the insect matures and secretes corpus allata hormone, which promotes egg maturation. In addition, corpus allata hormone is said to be useful in regulating a wide range of physiological functions, such as the development of reproductive organs, the production of attractants, the regulation of body color, and sugar metabolism. Recently, attention has been focused on its property of maintaining larval characteristics, and it has been considered to use it as a new type of drug that prevents pest insects from becoming adults and inhibits their reproduction.

[Shigeo Takeuchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

昆虫のアラタ体から分泌されるホルモン。幼若ホルモンともよばれる。化学的にはテルペンの類とされる。昆虫の幼虫期における幼虫形質の維持と成虫時の卵の成熟促進が主要な働きである。昆虫は数回の脱皮ごとに成長し、最後に成虫化する。この過程で、アラタ体ホルモンは、前胸腺(せん)から分泌される変態促進ホルモンに拮抗(きっこう)的に働き、幼虫形質を維持した脱皮へと導く。最終齢期のアラタ体活性の低下、あるいは若齢幼虫のアラタ体除去は、このホルモンの欠如をもたらし、変態あるいは早熟変態を誘起する。幼虫器官である前胸腺の機能維持にもアラタ体ホルモンが必要とされる。幼虫最終齢期に不活性となったアラタ体も、成虫化とともに再活性化し、アラタ体ホルモンを分泌する。これにより卵の成熟が促進される。このほかアラタ体ホルモンは、生殖腺付属器官の発達、誘引物質の産生、体色の調節、糖の代謝など、広範な生理機能の調節に役だつとされる。最近、幼虫形質の維持という性質に着目し、害虫の成虫化を阻止しその繁殖を阻害する新種の薬剤としての利用が考えられている。

[竹内重夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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