A series of ranks under the Ritsuryo system. During the reign of Emperor Tenmu, it was temporarily implemented as a reward for local nobles who had made contributions in the Jinshin War (672), but it was institutionalized under the Taiho Code, with 20 ranks from Gesho Goi Jo to Gesho Soi Ge. The recipients of the Gai were mainly Gunji, Gunki, Kuni Hakase, and doctors, and were also given to Emishi and Hayato. However, since it was expected that these posts below Gunji would be filled from among the local nobles, the prevailing view is that the Gai system was not simply a way of awarding specific posts to certain people, but also had an aspect of confirming the dominance or superiority of the central aristocracy over the local nobles. [Yoshioka Masayuki] "Research on the Ritsuryo Official System" by Nomura Tadao, revised edition (1970, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "Theories on the Official System" by Nomura Tadao (1975, Yuzankaku Publishing)" ▽ "Ritsuryo Politics and the Official System" by Nomura Tadao (1993, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)" ▽ "The Development of the Ritsuryo State and Regional Domination" by Nishibeppu Genjitsu (2002, Shibunkaku Publishing)" [References] | | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
律令制(りつりょうせい)下の位階制度の一系列。天武(てんむ)朝に、壬申(じんしん)の乱(672)に功績のあった地方豪族出身者に対する処遇として臨時的に行われたが、大宝令(たいほうりょう)制のもとで制度化され、外正(げしょう)五位上(じょう)より外少初位下(げしょうそいげ)までの20階が規定された。外位の対象は郡司・軍毅(ぐんき)・国博士(くにはかせ)・医師などを中心とし、蝦夷(えみし)・隼人(はやと)にも授けられたが、これら郡司以下のポストは在地の豪族層のなかから任用することが想定されていたから、外位の制度は単に特定のポストを対象に授与するというだけでなく、中央貴族の地方豪族層に対する支配ないし優越性の確認という側面を有したとする見方が有力である。 [吉岡眞之] 『野村忠夫著『律令官人制の研究』増訂版(1970・吉川弘文館)』▽『野村忠夫著『官人制論』(1975・雄山閣出版)』▽『野村忠夫著『律令政治と官人制』(1993・吉川弘文館)』▽『西別府元日著『律令国家の展開と地域支配』(2002・思文閣出版)』 [参照項目] | | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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