A shaft that converts the reciprocating motion of pistons in steam engines and internal combustion engines into rotary motion. A crankshaft is also simply called a crank. A crank consists of a crankshaft, crankarm, and crankpin, and the reciprocating motion of the pistons is transmitted to the crank by a connecting rod. The crankpin performs a circular motion with a radius equal to the length of the crankarm, rotating the crankshaft. Small crankshafts are usually made as a single unit by forging steel, but the crankshafts of large marine engines are made by combining several parts. In engines with many cylinders, the crankarms are made to be offset from each other by a certain angle. This angle is called the crank angle. This is to counteract or reduce the imbalance of inertia and torque caused by the action of many cylinders. [Hidetaro Nakayama] ©Shogakukan "> Names of crank parts Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
蒸気機関や内燃機関などでピストンの往復運動を回転運動に変える機能をもつ軸。クランク軸のことを単にクランクともいう。クランクはクランク軸、クランクアーム、クランクピンからなり、ピストンの往復運動は連接棒でクランクに伝えられる。クランクピンはクランクアームの長さを半径とする円運動を行い、クランク軸を回転させる。小型のクランク軸は鋼を鍛造して一体としてつくるのが普通であるが、船舶用の大型エンジンのクランク軸は数個の部品を組み合わせてつくる。シリンダーが多数あるエンジンでは、クランクアームは互いにある角度だけずらしてつくられる。この角度をクランク角という。多数のシリンダーの作用で生ずる慣性やトルクの不つり合いを打ち消したり少なくしたりするためである。 [中山秀太郎] ©Shogakukan"> クランクの各部名称 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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