It translates to "gladiator" or "slaved sword." In Etruria, there was a custom of holding gladiatorial matches in front of tombs to mourn the spirits of the dead, and this custom was inherited by ancient Rome. It was after 105 BC that these matches began to be offered to the public as a spectacle. Gladiators, made up of prisoners of war and slaves, were forced to fight each other or wild animals in an arena until they died. The public was enthusiastic about the deadly games, so politicians offered them to gain votes in elections for high-ranking magistrates, and arenas were built all over Italy, including the Colosseum, and in the provinces. Gladiators, who were forced to live a humiliating life, repeatedly revolted (the famous Spartacus revolt) and fled in order to restore human freedom. Gladiator matches were abolished in 404. [Masaoki Doi] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
剣闘士または剣奴と訳される。エトルリアでは死者の霊を弔うため墓前で剣闘士の試合を行う習慣があったが、古代ローマがこれを継承した。この試合が見せ物として民衆に提供されるようになったのは紀元前105年以降である。戦争捕虜や奴隷などからなる剣闘士は、闘技場で仲間同士や猛獣と死ぬまで闘うことを強制された。民衆は死のゲームに熱狂したので、政治家はこれを提供して、高級政務官の選挙で票を得るため利用し、闘技場はコロセウムをはじめイタリア、属州を問わず、各地につくられた。 屈辱的な生活を強いられた剣闘士は、人間的自由の回復のため蜂起(ほうき)(スパルタクスの蜂起が有名)や逃亡を繰り返した。剣闘士同士の試合が廃止されたのは404年であった。 [土井正興] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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