It is the capital of the state of Styria in southeastern Austria, and the second largest city in Austria after Vienna. It has a population of 226,244 (2001). It is located on an alluvial fan formed by the Mur River, a tributary of the Danube, on the eastern edge of the Alps, and is 364 meters above sea level. The Schlossberg, a dolomite hill that stands 120 meters above sea level on the eastern bank of the Mur River within the city, was already a fortress built by the Slovenians during the Migration Period (around 800). The name Graz comes from Gradec, which means "castle" in Slovenian. The town's name first appeared in ancient documents in 1115 as a town under the rule of the Grand Duke of Traungau, and became the territory of the Babenberg family in 1192, and then the Habsburg family in 1282. In the mid-18th century, during the reign of Empress Maria Theresa, it flourished as a commercial city, but was occupied three times by Napoleon's troops in 1797, 1805, and 1809. After 1840, with the opening of the railway (Trieste Line), heavy industry developed based on the iron ore and coal in the state. Notable industries include vehicles, machinery, metal products, paper, glass, leather, and textiles. In addition to government offices, the town also has educational institutions such as the University (founded in 1586) and Technical University (founded in 1827), as well as cultural facilities such as the State Museum, the Folklore Museum, a theater, and an opera house. In the center of the town is the old town area, where there are many buildings that recall the influence of various eras since the Middle Ages, such as the City Hall, the State Hall, the Graz Royal Palace, the 15th century cathedral, and the 17th century Mausoleum (the mausoleum of Emperor Ferdinand II), particularly the 16th and 17th century Italian architecture, and in 1999 it was registered as a World Heritage Site (World Cultural Heritage). Schlossberg Hill is a park with a great view, and here you can see the 16th century clock tower and bell tower, the symbols of the town, whose bells ring out throughout the town every day at 7:00, 12:00, and 19:00. [Ikuo Maejima] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
オーストリア南東部、シュタイアーマルク州の州都で、ウィーンに次ぐオーストリア第二の都市。人口22万6244(2001)。アルプスの東縁部にドナウ川の支流ムール川が形成した扇状地上に位置し、標高364メートル。市内、ムール川の東岸に、比高120メートルの高さでそびえるドロマイト(苦灰岩)の丘シュロスベルクSchlossbergは、すでに民族移動の時代(800ころ)にスロベニア人が砦(とりで)を置いた所である。グラーツの名は、スロベニア語で「城」を意味するグラデクGradecに由来する。町の名は、トラウンガウ大公治下の町として1115年に古文書に初めて現れ、1192年バーベンベルク家、さらに1282年ハプスブルク家の領地となった。18世紀なかば、女帝マリア・テレジアの時代には商業都市として栄えたが、ナポレオン軍の進入により、1797年、1805年、1809年の3回にわたって占拠された。1840年以降、鉄道(トリエステ線)の開通もあって、州内の鉄鉱と石炭を基盤に重工業の発達がみられた。工業には車両、機械、金属製品、紙、ガラス、皮革、繊維などみるべきものがある。 町には官公庁のほか、総合大学(1586創立)、工科大学(1827創立)などの教育機関、州立博物館、民俗博物館、劇場、オペラ劇場など文化施設も備えている。町の中心部には旧市域があり、市庁舎、州庁舎、グラーツ王宮、15世紀の大聖堂、17世紀のマウソレウム(皇帝フェルディナンド2世の霊廟(れいびょう))など中世以来各時代のおもかげ、とくに16~17世紀のイタリア建築の影響をしのばせる建造物が多くみられ、1999年に世界遺産の文化遺産として登録されている(世界文化遺産)。シュロスベルクの丘は展望のよい公園で、ここには町のシンボルである16世紀の時計塔と鐘楼があり、毎日7時、12時、19時に鐘の音が町中に響き渡る。 [前島郁雄] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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