Hippie - Hippie (English spelling)

Japanese: ヒッピー - ひっぴー(英語表記)hippie
Hippie - Hippie (English spelling)

In the 1960s, a counterculture movement emerged in the United States, centered on young people, aiming to break away from the established social system and values. This movement and the people who carried it were called hippies. It spread to Britain, France, Japan and other countries that had achieved a high level of industrialization like the United States. There is no consensus on the origin of the word, but it is derived from the African-American slang for becoming enthusiastic about music, especially jazz and blues, and falling into a state of ecstasy, called hip or hep.

The wealth of industrial society brought a rational and materialistic lifestyle and way of life to the middle class, which was their main support group. The hippies called themselves squares and tried to drop out of mainstream culture. The hippies, who valued the human values ​​of freedom and love above all else, lived a primitive communal life in order to live for themselves. Men grew beards, preferred long hair, and wore jeans. Women also wore miniskirts with long hair, pendants, and sandals. They liked to use doves and flowers as symbols of their bohemian lifestyle and pacifism. On the other hand, they also expressed doubts about objective knowledge, i.e. science and reason, which are the basis of technocracy. They sought the liberation of the senses rather than the respect for reason, and aimed to expand and transform consciousness through music, drugs (LSD, marijuana), and Eastern mysticism (Zen and Taoism). The poet A. Ginsberg was respected by them as an outstanding practitioner and guru of these.

The hippie movement was a cultural movement that aimed to change individual consciousness rather than social change based on ideology. In the late 1960s, it gained momentum in response to social movements such as racial issues and the anti-Vietnam War movement, but quickly died down in the 1970s. However, their ideas and customs have since permeated mainstream culture and have been passed down to the ecology movement, anti-nuclear movement, new science, and other movements.

[Kameyama Yoshiaki]

"The Idea of ​​the Counterculture" by T. Roszak, translated by Yoshikatsu Inami et al. (1971, Diamond Inc.)

[References] | Subculture | Dropout | Youth culture

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1960年代、アメリカ合衆国では、青年層を中心にして既成の社会体制と価値観からの離脱を目ざす対抗文化countercultureの運動が生じた。この運動とそれを担った人々をヒッピーという。アメリカと同様に高度な産業化を実現したイギリス、フランス、日本などにも波及した。ことばの由来に定説はないが、音楽とくにジャズやブルースに熱狂して忘我状態に陥ることを黒人の俗語でhip, hepといい、ここから派生した。

 産業社会の豊かさは、主要な支持層である中産階級に、合理的で物質主義的な生活様式と生き方をもたらした。ヒッピーは彼らをスクウェア(堅物)とよび、主流文化からのドロップアウトを図った。なによりも自由と愛という人間的な価値を尊重するヒッピーは、自分自身のために生きるため、原始的共同生活を営んだ。男たちは、ひげを伸ばし、長髪を好み、ジーンズをはいた。女たちも、長い髪にミニスカートをはき、ペンダントをかけたり、サンダルを履いた。ボヘミアン的ライフスタイルと平和主義を象徴するものとして、彼らは好んでハトや花のシンボルを使用した。他方ではまた、テクノクラシーの基盤をなしている客観的知識=科学と理性に疑いを表明した。彼らは理性の尊重よりも感性の解放を求め、音楽、ドラッグ(LSD、マリファナ)、東洋の神秘主義思想(禅や道教)などによる意識の拡大化と変革を志向した。詩人のA・ギンズバーグは、これらの優れた実践者、導師として彼らの尊敬を集めた。

 ヒッピー運動は、イデオロギーに基づく社会変革よりも、個人の意識変革を目ざす文化運動であった。1960年代後半には、人種問題、ベトナム反戦などの社会運動と呼応して盛り上がりをみせたが、70年代に入ると急速に終息した。しかし、彼らの思想や風俗は、その後、主流文化に浸透するとともに、エコロジー運動、反核運動、ニューサイエンスなどに受け継がれている。

[亀山佳明]

『T・ローザック著、稲見芳勝他訳『対抗文化の思想』(1971・ダイヤモンド社)』

[参照項目] | サブカルチャー | ドロップアウト | ユース・カルチャー

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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