Also known as an inclusion compound. A substance in which a molecule of another substance (guest molecule) that fits the shape fits into a spatial gap of molecular size created by one compound (host molecule), forming a loose complex. The host molecule and guest molecule are mainly bound only by weak intermolecular forces (sometimes involving hydrogen bonds), and the basic principle is that their shapes fit into the spatial gap (they are included). For example, hydroquinone C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 forms crystals of type R・3C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 (R is CH 3 OH, H 2 S, SO 2 , etc.), which is a clathrate compound in which the R molecule fits into the gap of the cage structure created by the hydroquinone molecule through hydrogen bonds. Powdered sake and wasabi paste use clathrate compounds that use cyclodextrin as a host molecule to encapsulate alcohol and aroma molecules. By taking advantage of the limitations on the shape and size of guest molecules, it is possible to easily separate azeotropes such as H 2 O and C 2 H 5 OH, which cannot be separated by ordinary methods, and heptane and isooctane, which have similar boiling points. This type of separation action is called molecular sieving. Related topics: Molecular compounds Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
包接化合物とも。一つの化合物(ホスト分子)がつくる分子サイズの空間的なすきまに,ちょうど形状の合う他の物質の分子(ゲスト分子)が入り込んで,ゆるい複合体をつくっている物質。ホスト分子とゲスト分子とは,おもに弱い分子間力だけで結びついており(水素結合などを伴うこともある),空間のすきまに形状が合う(包接される)ことが基本になる。たとえばヒドロキノンC6H4(OH)2はR・3C6H4(OH)2型(RはCH3OH,H2S,SO2など)の結晶をつくるが,これはヒドロキノン分子が水素結合によってつくる籠(かご)形構造のすきまにR分子が入り込んだクラスレート化合物である。粉末酒や練りわさびには,シクロデキストリンをホスト分子としてアルコールや香りの分子を包接したクラスレート化合物が利用されている。ゲスト分子の形と大きさに制限があることを利用して,普通の方法では分離できないH2OとC2H5OHのような共沸混合物,沸点の近いヘプタンとイソオクタンなども簡単に分離できる。このような分離作用を分子ふるいという。 →関連項目分子化合物 出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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