Tadaoki Hosokawa

Japanese: 細川忠興 - ほそかわ・ただおき

Year of death: 2nd December 1646 (18th January 1646)
Year of birth: November 13, 1563 (November 28, 1563)
Lord of Kokura Domain in Buzen Province (Fukuoka Prefecture) in the early Edo period. Eldest son of Fujitaka (Yusai). His mother was the daughter of Numata Mitsukane. By order of Ashikaga Yoshiteru, he was adopted by Hosokawa Terutsune. His childhood name was Kumachiyo, later Yoichiro. In 1578, he was given one character from his name by Oda Nobunaga's eldest son Nobutada, and took the name Tadaoki. In 1583, he married Akechi Mitsuhide's daughter Tamako (Hosokawa Gracia), and in 1586, he was given the whole of Tango Province (Kyoto Prefecture) and made Miyazu his castle. In 1587, at the time of the Honnoji Incident, he shaved his head together with his father Fujitaka to show his condolences, and separated and imprisoned Gracia in Midono. He achieved success in ruling Tango under Toyotomi Hideyoshi's government, was pardoned, and welcomed Gracia back. In 1588, he was appointed chamberlain of the fourth rank and allowed to use the surname Hashiba. In September 1581, Hideyoshi once again granted Yuusai and Tadaoki 110,700 koku of land in the whole of Tango. In 1593, he marched to Korea, and in 1596, he became the governor of Etchu. After Hideyoshi's death in 1596, he approached Tokugawa Ieyasu, and during the Battle of Sekigahara in 1597, Tadaoki accompanied Ieyasu on his journey east, but his father Yuusai held out in Tanabe Castle in Tango (which was opened by imperial order), and his wife Gracia, who was being held hostage, refused to enter Osaka Castle and committed suicide. Ieyasu rewarded the Hosokawa clan for their loyalty by granting them an additional 60,000 koku of land in Kitsuki, Bungo (Oita Prefecture) before the Battle of Sekigahara, but after the war, he awarded them the whole of Buzen Province and two Bungo counties 390,000 koku for their meritorious service, and stationed them in Nakatsu Castle. Tadaoki soon built Kokura Castle as his main castle and established the domain government. In the intercalary December of the 6th year of the Genna era (1620), he was allowed to retire, handed over the family headship to his third son, Tadatoshi, and moved to Nakatsu, where he took the name Sansai Munetachi. His eldest son, Tadataka, was deposed when his wife (the daughter of Maeda Toshiie) left her mother-in-law during the tragedy of the death of Gracia, and his second son, Okiaki, ran away and entered Osaka Castle on his way down the mountain as a witness (hostage) in place of his younger brother, Tadatoshi, so he handed over the family headship to his third son, Tadatoshi, who had traveled to Edo as a witness from an early age and served Hidetada closely. When Tadatoshi was transferred to Kumamoto in Higo in December of the 9th year of the Kan'ei era (1632), Sansai moved to Yatsushiro Castle accompanied by his fourth son, Tachitaka, and sixth son, Okitaka, and was given a retirement fief of 30,000 koku. During the Amakusa-Shimabara Rebellion (1637), Sansai had Tachitaka lead an army from the Yatsushiro domain in addition to that of the main domain, in an attempt to make him the lord of the Yatsushiro domain. However, Tachitaka died before his father, and after Sansai's death, Tachitaka's son Yukitaka became the lord of the Uto domain.

(Jusaburo Matsumoto)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：正保2.12.2(1646.1.18)
生年：永禄6.11.13(1563.11.28)
江戸前期の豊前国(福岡県)小倉藩主。藤孝(幽斎)の長男。母は沼田光兼の娘。足利義輝の命により細川輝経の養子となる。幼名熊千代のち与一郎。天正6(1578)年織田信長の嫡子信忠から1字を与えられ忠興と名乗る。6年明智光秀の娘玉子(細川ガラシア)を妻に迎え,8年丹後(京都府)一国を与えられて宮津を居城とした。10年本能寺の変に際しては,父藤孝と共に剃髪して弔意を示し,ガラシアを離別し味土野に幽閉した。豊臣秀吉政権のもとで丹後支配の実をあげ,許されて再びガラシアを迎える。13年従四位下侍従に任ぜられ羽柴姓を許された。17年9月秀吉は改めて幽斎と忠興に丹後一国11万700石を安堵した。文禄2(1593)年朝鮮に出陣,慶長1(1596)年越中守となる。3年秀吉の死後は徳川家康に接近,5年関ケ原の戦の際には忠興は家康に従って東下中であったが,父幽斎は丹後田辺城に籠城(勅命により開城),夫人ガラシアは人質として大坂城に入ることを拒否して自刃した。家康は細川氏の忠節に対し,関ケ原の戦の前に豊後(大分県)杵築6万石を加増したが,戦後功により豊前一国,豊後2郡39万石を与え,中津城に配した。忠興は間もなく小倉城を築いて本城とし藩政を確立した。元和6(1620)年閏12月隠居を許され,3男忠利に家督を譲り,中津に移って三斎宗立と号した。嫡男忠隆は夫人(前田利家の娘)が姑ガラシアの悲劇の際に姑の許から去ったことで廃嫡となり,次男興秋は弟忠利の代わりに証人(人質)として下る途中出奔して大坂城に入ったため,幼少から証人として江戸に赴き,秀忠の身近く仕えた3男忠利に家督を譲ったのである。寛永9(1632)年12月忠利が肥後熊本に転封すると,三斎は4男立孝,6男興孝を伴って八代城に入り隠居領3万石を領した。三斎は天草・島原の乱(1637)に際し,本藩とは別に八代領からの軍を立孝に率いさせて出陣させるなど,八代領の支領化をはかったが,立孝は父に先立って没し,三斎没後,立孝の子行孝は宇土支藩主になった。

(松本寿三郎)

出典　朝日日本歴史人物事典：（株）朝日新聞出版朝日日本歴史人物事典について　情報

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