It is one of the Turkic languages, spoken by about 8 million people in the Republic of Kazakhstan (1989), about 1.1 million people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China (1990), and about 100,000 people in Mongolia. It is called Kazakh, but since they call themselves Kazak, it should be called Kazak. Similarly, it would be more accurate to call it Kazakstan rather than Kazakhstan. It belongs to the Central branch of the Turkic language family along with Kyrgyz. It has the characteristic that the initial [j] of other Turkic languages is replaced by [ʒ] (žol, Turkish yol, "way"). It is widely distributed, but the dialect differences are not large. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the northeastern dialect forms the basis of the written language. The written language began in the late 19th century with Arabic-Persian characters, then passed through the Latin alphabet, and in 1938, the Cyrillic orthography was adopted, but Latinization is progressing. China used a writing system based on the Chinese pinyin alphabet, but Arabic script was revived. [Kazuo Takeuchi] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
カザフスタン共和国で約800万人(1989)、中国の新疆(しんきょう/シンチヤン)ウイグル自治区で約110万人(1990)、モンゴル国で約10万人が使用している、トルコ系諸言語の一つ。カザフ語とよばれるが、カザックと自称するからカザック語とよぶべきである。同様に、「カザフスタン」よりも「カザクスタン」とするのがより正確な表記といえよう。トルコ語族のうち、キルギズ語などとともに中央語派に属する。他のトルコ諸語の語頭の[j]が[ʒ]で対応する特徴を有する(žol/、トルコ/yol/「道」)。広い分布をもつが、方言差は大きくない。カザフスタン共和国では、東北方言が文語の基礎をなす。文字言語は19世紀後半アラビア・ペルシア文字によって始まり、ラテン字母を経て、1938年からキリル文字による正書法を採用しているが、ラテン化が進んでいる。中国では漢語拼音(ぴんいん)字母による正書法を使っていたが、アラビア文字が復活した。 [竹内和夫] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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