Union Village - Kumiaimura

Japanese: 組合村 - くみあいむら

There are two types of cooperative villages: cooperative villages, which are village associations in the general sense formed by the union of villages, and cooperative villages which were established by the shogunate in 1827 (Bunsei 10) to regulate the Kanto region. (1) The origin of cooperative villages as village associations can be traced back to the soson villages of the late Middle Ages. Villages were cut off from land surveys after the Taiko survey, and small-scale early modern villages similar to the modern-day oaza villages were formed. However, villages of this size were unable to maintain and manage water resources and forests, so it became necessary for surrounding villages to join together and make agreements to maintain reproduction.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

村々の結合による一般的な意味での村連合としての組合村と，1827年(文政10)幕府が関東取締りのために設定した組合村とがある。(1)村連合としての組合村の起源は中世後期の惣村に求めることができよう。太閤検地以降の検地によって村切りなどが行われ，現代の大字程度の小規模な近世村が成立したが，この程度の村では水利や林野の維持･管理を行うことができず，周辺の村々が結合し，協定して再生産を維持する必要が生じた。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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