Hydraulics - Suirigaku (English spelling)

Japanese: 水理学 - すいりがく（英語表記）hydraulics

A branch of fluid mechanics. It studies the dynamic properties of liquids, especially water, and its main focus is on engineering applications. In civil engineering, it is often called hydraulics, and in mechanical engineering, it is called hydromechanics. In civil engineering, research subjects are diverse, including dams, rivers, harbors, water supply and sewerage, sluice gates, water discharge regulation, valves, water flow in rivers and pipes, hydroelectric power generation, embankments, jetties, ship hulls, and water surface reclamation, while in mechanical engineering, it is related to fluid machinery such as pumps, turbines, propellers, and lubrication, as well as servo mechanisms. While fluid mechanics is primarily theoretical research, hydraulics starts from empirical and experimental research. Hydrostatics is the field that deals with equilibrium in stationary water, such as the hydrostatic pressure that the water in a dam or pond exerts on an embankment, and the balance between buoyancy and gravity on a floating object.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

流体力学の一分野。液体，特に水の動力学的性質を研究し，工学上の応用をおもな課題とする。土木工学では水理学，機械工学では水力学 hydromechanicsと呼ぶことが多い。研究対象は，土木工学ではダム，河川，港湾，上下水道，水門，放水調節，バルブ，河川やパイプ中の水流，発電水力，堤防，突堤，船体，水面埋立てなど多岐にわたり，機械工学ではポンプ，タービン，プロペラ，潤滑など流体機械，サーボ機構に関するものがある。流体力学が理論的研究を主とするのに対し，水理学では経験的・実験的研究が出発点となる。ダムや池の水が堤防に及ぼす静水圧や浮体に加わる浮力と重力の釣合いなど，静止した水の中での平衡を論じる分野を特に静水力学という。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Hydraulics

>>: Inference - inference (English spelling)