Grosseteste, Robert

Japanese: グロステスト（英語表記）Grosseteste， Robert

Born: February 3, 1168 in Suffolk
[Died] October 9, 1253. Buckden, Buckinghamshire. English clergyman and scholastic. Studied at the universities of Oxford and Paris. He lectured on theology as chancellor of Oxford University until he became Bishop of Lincoln in 1235. During this time he studied Aristotle's works and the Bible in the original languages, bringing a breath of fresh air to the Latin-dominated Christian world. In particular, his translations and commentaries of Aristotle's works on physical science into Latin forced a shift in the methods of natural science at the time. His ideas sometimes show a compromise between Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism, but he also excelled in practical research, and made contributions especially to the field of optics. He was the first medieval scholar to attempt to resolve the contradictions between revelation and reason, and between the Bible and Aristotle, and in his theory of optics he considered light to be the only original substance, developing a unique metaphysics of light. His scientific methods have had a great influence on posterity.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1168.2.3. サフォーク
[没]1253.10.9. バッキンガムシャー，バクデン
イギリスの聖職者，スコラ学者。オックスフォード，パリの各大学に学ぶ。 1235年リンカーンの司祭になるまで，オックスフォード大学総長として神学などを講義。この間彼はアリストテレスの著作や聖書を原語で研究し，ラテン語中心のキリスト教界に新風を吹込んだ。特にアリストテレスの自然学の著作のラテン語への翻訳と注解は，当時の自然科学の方法の転回を迫った。彼の思想にはときにアリストテレス主義と新プラトン主義の折衷がうかがわれるが，実地研究にもすぐれ，特に光学の分野に貢献した。彼は啓示と理性，聖書とアリストテレスとの矛盾を解決しようとした中世最初の学者であり，その光学理論でも，光を唯一最初の実体とし，独特の光の形而上学を展開。彼の科学的方法の後世への影響は大きい。

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