Black rat

Japanese: クマネズミ - くまねずみ(英語表記)black rat
Black rat

It is a member of the rodent family of the mammalian class. Its main habitat is tropical Asia, but today it lives all over the world and is divided into more than 50 subspecies. It is roughly divided into three types based on the number of chromosomes: the Asian type with 42 chromosomes, the Oceanian type with 38 chromosomes, and the Ceylon (Sri Lankan) type with 40 chromosomes. In Japan, there is a small domestic subspecies called the Japanese black rat R. r. tanezumi , which has 42 chromosomes. Its tail is longer than its head and body, with a head and body length of 16 to 20 cm, tail length of 17 to 24 cm, hind leg length of 31 to 35 cm, and weight of 100 to 170 grams. In the wild, the back is brown and the belly is white, but the domestic species are diverse, ranging from completely black to brown on the back and yellowish brown on the belly. It is nocturnal and lives in trees in the tropics, but in areas colder than the subtropics, it becomes domestic and lives in houses, warehouses, and livestock sheds. Over 90% of rats that invade ships are this species. They chirp a lot, but their sounds are ultrasonic and inaudible to humans. They feed primarily on fruits, seeds, grains, and fodder, and also eat insect larvae. Japanese brown rats breed mainly from April to September, and in captivity they breed all year round, giving birth to 2-8 babies at a time. The babies mature to 15cm in head and body length and weigh 100g in 90 days. The American brown rat R. r. rattus, which has 38 chromosomes, is found in Europe, America, and Oceania, and includes the Egyptian rat.

[Tsuchiya Kimiyuki]

Black rat
It is mainly distributed in tropical Asia, but today it lives all over the world, with over 50 subspecies. It is nocturnal, living in trees in the tropics, and in warmer regions, living in houses, warehouses, and livestock sheds. Its tail is longer than its head and body. Head and body length is 16-20 cm, tail length is 17-24 cm, and weight is 100-170 g. ©Shogakukan Photo by Okuyama Hisashi ">

Black rat


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

哺乳(ほにゅう)綱齧歯(げっし)目ネズミ科の動物。熱帯アジアが分布の中心であるが、今日では世界中に生息し、50以上の亜種に分けられている。染色体数から、42本のアジア型、38本のオセアニア型、40本のセイロン(スリランカ)型の3型に大別される。日本には、染色体数42本で小形のニホンクマネズミR. r. tanezumiという家住性の亜種が分布する。尾が頭胴より長く、頭胴長16~20センチメートル、尾長17~24センチメートル、後足長31~35センチメートル、体重100~170グラム。野生種では背面茶褐色、腹面白色であるが、家住性のものでは、全身黒色のものから、背面茶色で腹面黄褐色のものなど多様である。夜行性で、熱帯では樹上生活をしているが、暖帯より寒い地域では家住性となり、家屋、倉庫、畜舎などにすむ。船に侵入するネズミの90%以上が本種である。よく鳴くが、超音波のため人間の耳には聞こえない。果実や草木の種子、穀物、飼料などを主食とし、昆虫の幼虫も食べる。ニホンクマネズミではおもに4~9月に、飼育下では周年繁殖して、1回に2~8頭の子を産む。子は90日で頭胴長15センチメートル、体重100グラムに成熟する。ヨーロッパ、アメリカ、オセアニアには染色体数38本のヨウシュクマネズミR. r. rattusが分布し、エジプトネズミなどが含まれる。

[土屋公幸]

クマネズミ
分布は熱帯アジアが中心であるが、今日では世界中に生息し、50以上の亜種がある。夜行性で、熱帯では樹上生活、暖帯より寒い地域では家屋、倉庫、畜舎などにすむ。尾が頭胴より長い。頭胴長16~20cm、尾長17~24cm、体重100~170g©Shogakukan 撮影/おくやまひさし">

クマネズミ


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