A city in Louisiana, USA. It is located on the north bank of the Mississippi River, about 180 km upstream from the mouth of the river. The city has a warm climate, but the ground level is lower than the high water level of the river, so it is often damaged by floods and hurricanes. Founded by the French Governor of Louisiana around 1718, it became the capital of the colony in 1722, became a U.S. territory with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, and was incorporated as a city in 1805. It was the site of a decisive battle in the American-British War from 1814 to 1815. It flourished as the end of river traffic on the Mississippi River, and its function as a transportation hub was strengthened with the opening of the railroad. It is the largest trading center for cotton, cottonseed oil, and rice, and the main import port for bananas and coffee, and the main export port for grains. Industries such as food processing, clothing, and petrochemicals are also thriving. It is the center of Creole (mixed-race French) culture and the birthplace of blues and jazz. 50% of the city's residents are black, and blacks have a higher status than in southern cities. Famous for its Mardi Gras and jazz festivals. Museums, Dixieland Hall, convention center, Sugar Bowl Stadium, Superdome, international airport, Loyola University, and many oil company headquarters. Population: 343,829 (2010). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
アメリカ合衆国,ルイジアナ州の都市。ミシシッピ川の河口から約 180km上流の北岸に位置する。気候は温暖だが,地面が川の高水位より低く洪水やハリケーンの被害をしばしば受ける。 1718年頃フランスのルイジアナ総督によって創建され,22年には同植民地の首都,1803年のルイジアナ買収で合衆国領になり,05年市制。 14~15年にはアメリカ=イギリス戦争の決戦場になった。ミシシッピ川の河川交通の終点として栄え,鉄道の開通により交通の要衝としての機能が強化された。綿花,綿実油,米の最大取引地,バナナ,コーヒーの主要輸入港,穀物の主要輸出港。食品加工,衣料,石油化学などの工業も盛ん。クレオル (混血フランス人) 文化の中心であり,ブルース,ジャズの発生地でもある。市内住民の 50%は黒人が占め,南部の諸都市に比べ黒人の地位が高い。マルディグラ,ジャズフェスティバルなどは有名。美術館,ディキシーランドホール,コンベンションセンター,シュガーボウル・スタジアム,スーパードーム,国際空港,ロヨラ大学などがあり,多くの石油会社本社が立地する。人口 34万3829(2010)。
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