Kunijito - Kunijito

Japanese: 国地頭 - くにじとう

In 1185, Minamoto no Yoritomo appointed a land steward to cover the five provinces of Kinki, San'in, San'yo, Nankai and Saikai. This was distinct from the manor land stewards who were assigned to individual manors, towns and provinces, and was a fief for a whole province. Yoritomo appointed a land steward to each province in order to pursue the traitors Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Yukiie, and gave them the right to collect an average of five sho of military rice per tier from manors and imperial lands, as well as the right to inspect the fields of the manor lord. He attempted to bring the land stewards, who consisted of the provincial government offices, the manor lord's subordinates (local officials) and the general administrative officers, under the control of the shogunate. This resulted in open interference in the administration of the provincial government. Confusion arose locally over military rice, and in 1186 Hojo Tokimasa, who had petitioned Yoritomo to appoint jito (land stewards), declined the position and became Sotsuiboshi (general vassal of the local government). Yoritomo then completely stopped collecting military rice, and the provincial jito was soon abolished. After that, Sotsuiboshi (general vassals of the local government) were appointed to each province, and they eventually came to be called shugo (provincial governors).

Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information

Japanese:

1185年，源頼朝が五畿・山陰・山陽・南海・西海の諸国を対象に置いた地頭で，個々の荘・郷・保に置かれた荘郷地頭とは区別され，一国を知行の対象とした。頼朝は謀反人源義経・行家を追捕(ついぶ)するため国ごとに地頭を置き，荘園・公領をとわず平均に段別５升の兵粮米を徴収する権利をはじめ，荘公の田地に対する検注権などの支配権を行使するものとし，国衙の在庁や荘公の下職（現地役人）・惣押領使などからなる地頭の輩を幕府の支配下に組み込もうとした。そのため国衙の行政に公然と干渉することとなった。現地では兵粮米をめぐり混乱が生じ，1186年には頼朝に地頭設置を奏請した北条時政が，地頭職の辞退を申し出て惣追捕使となり，さらに頼朝が兵粮米の徴収を全面的に停止するなど，国地頭はまもなく廃止された。以後，国には惣追捕使が置かれ，やがて守護とよばれるようになった。

出典　株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて　情報

<<: Song of the Nation - National Song

>>: National quality/national quality - Kunijichi Tokorojichi