Akira Ifukube

Japanese: 伊福部昭 - いふくべあきら
Akira Ifukube

Composer. Born in Kushiro-cho, Hokkaido (now Kushiro City). Ifukube spent his childhood in Hokkaido, where he grew up listening to Ainu music and folk songs from people who had immigrated from various regions. He learned to play the guitar and violin, and at the age of 15, he taught himself to compose. In 1932 (Showa 7), he entered the Forestry Department of the Faculty of Agriculture at Hokkaido Imperial University, and in 1934, together with Hayasaka Fumio and Miura Atsushi (1913-1997, a classmate of Ifukube's in junior high school), who would later become a music critic, he formed the New Music Federation in Sapporo, where they performed and introduced contemporary music of the time, including Erik Satie. It was around this time that he began to write pieces with a strong ethnic coloring.

He graduated from the university in 1935. His first orchestral work, "Japanese Rhapsody," which he wrote while working as a forestry officer at the Akkeshi Forestry Office, won first place in the Tcherepnin Prize sponsored by composer Alexander Tcherepnin (1873-1945), and quickly gained attention. In addition, his work "Piano Suite," which he wrote at the age of 19, was selected for the Venice International Festival of Contemporary Music in 1938. In 1943, his "Symphonic Ballad" was selected for the Victor Orchestra Competition and won the Minister of Education Award.

After the Second World War, he moved to Tokyo and taught orchestration at the Tokyo Music School (now the Faculty of Music at the Tokyo University of the Arts) from 1946 to 1953. His students included Yasushi Akutagawa and Toshiro Mayuzumi. In 1951, his Rhapsody for Violin and Orchestra was selected for the orchestral section of the Genoa International Composition Competition. He also released many other works, including Three Cradle Songs of the Native People of Sakhalin Island (1949), Sinfonia Tapkara (1954, dedicated to Miura), the choral ode The Sea of ​​Okhotsk (1958), Rithmica Ostinata for Piano and Orchestra (1961), and the guitar piece Touka in Ancient Japanese Modes (1967). He also worked on film music, composing over 300 film scores, including "Godzilla" (1954), "Zatoichi" and "Kotan no Kuchibue" (both 1959). He won the Mainichi Film Award for Music for "The Burmese Harp," "Will-o'-the-Wisp," and "Ankoku at Noon" (all 1956).

He continued to release a wide range of works, including orchestral works, songs, and ballet music. Some of his representative works include "SF Fantasy No. 1-3" (1983), "Japanese Drum Giacomo Janko" (1984), the ballet "Salome" (1987), "Shaka" and "Toccata for 25-string Koto" (both 1989), "Japanese Suite for Two-sided 25-string Koto" (1991, an adaptation of "Piano Suite"), "Symphonic Pictures: Kushiro Marsh" (1993), "Five Songs of the Inaba Manyoshu" (1995), and "Symphonic Ballad Poem for 25-string Koto A and B, which premiered in 2001.

In 1973, he became professor of composition at the Tokyo College of Music, and served as its president from 1976 to 1987, after which he became director of the university's Institute of Ethnomusicology. He was known as a mentor, and many outstanding composers came from his students, including Akutagawa, Mayuzumi, Matsumura Teizo, Ishii Maki, and Miki Minoru.

Ifukube is a composer who has continued to compose music that emphasizes simplicity and regionality. Rhythm that emphasizes ostinato (a technique of repeating a certain musical pattern) is an important element that constitutes Ifukube's music, and Terry Riley (1935- ) has stated that Ifukube's aesthetic of ostinato is one of the musical styles that is closest to him. After World War II, he was ignored or neglected in the mainstream Japanese "avant-garde" music composition world, but a revival of Ifukube's work began in the 1980s, with a lot of general support and a postmodern trend, including the music for the movie "Godzilla". He was awarded the Medal with Purple Ribbon in 1980, the Order of the Sacred Treasure Third Class in 1987, and was named a Person of Cultural Merit in 2003.

[Junichi Konuma]

[References] | Yasushi Akutagawa | Maki Ishii | Ostinato | Satie | Fumio Hayasaka |Teizo Matsumura| Toshiro Mayuzumi | Minoru Miki

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

作曲家。北海道釧路(くしろ)町(現、釧路市)生まれ。少年期を北海道で過ごした伊福部は、アイヌ民族の音楽や、各地方から移住してきた人々の民謡を幼いころより耳にして育った。ギターやバイオリンをたしなみ、15歳のとき独学で作曲を始めた。その後、1932年(昭和7)北海道帝国大学農学部林学科に入学し、1934年早坂文雄、後に音楽評論家となる三浦淳史(あつし)(1913―1997。伊福部の中学時代の同級生)らと、札幌で「新音楽連盟」を組織し、エリック・サティをはじめ、当時の現代音楽を演奏紹介する。またこのころより民族的な色彩の濃い作品を書くようになった。

 1935年同大学を卒業。厚岸(あっけし)の森林事務所で林務官を務めるかたわら書き上げた、初めてのオーケストラ作品『日本狂詩曲』は、作曲家アレキサンドル・チェレプニンAlexander Tcherepnin(1873―1945)が主催したチェレプニン賞に主席入選、一躍注目される。また、19歳で書いた作品『ピアノ組曲』が、1938年ベネチア国際現代音楽祭に入選。1943年には『交響譚詩』がビクター管弦楽コンテストに入選、文部大臣賞受賞。

 第二次世界大戦後上京し、東京音楽学校(現、東京芸術大学音楽学部)の講師として、1946年(昭和21)から1953年まで管弦楽法を教えた。教え子には芥川也寸志(あくたがわやすし)、黛敏郎(まゆずみとしろう)らがいた。1951年『バイオリンと管弦楽のためのラプソディ』がジェノバ国際作曲コンクール管弦楽の部で入選。ほかにも、『サハリン島先住民の三つの揺籃歌』(1949)、『シンフォニア・タプカーラ』(1954、三浦に献呈)、合唱頌詩(しょうし)『オホーツクの海』(1958)、『ピアノと管弦楽のためのリトミカ・オスティナータ』(1961)、ギター曲『古代日本旋法による蹈歌(とうか)』(1967)など、多くの作品を発表した。また、映画音楽の分野でも活躍、『ゴジラ』(1954)、『座頭市(ざとういち)』『コタンの口笛』(ともに1959)など、300本以上の映画音楽を手がけている。『ビルマの竪琴(たてごと)』『鬼火』『真昼の暗黒』(ともに1956)で毎日映画コンクール音楽賞を受賞。

 その後も管弦楽、歌曲、バレエ音楽と幅広い作品を発表した。代表的な作品には『SFファンタジー第1番~3番』(1983)、『日本の太鼓 ジャコモジャンコ』(1984)、バレエ曲『サロメ』(1987)、『釈迦(しゃか)』『二十五絃筝(げんそう)のためのトッカータ』(ともに1989)、『二面の二十五絃筝のための日本組曲』(1991、『ピアノ組曲』改作)、『交響的音画 釧路湿原』(1993)、『因幡(いなば)万葉の歌五首』(1995)、2001年(平成13)初演の『二十五絃筝甲乙奏合(こうおつそうごう)交響譚詩(たんし)』などがある。

 1973年東京音楽大学の作曲科教授に就任、1976~1987年同学長、その後同大学民族音楽研究所所長となる。彼の教え子からは芥川、黛のほか松村禎三、石井真木(まき)、三木稔など多くの優れた作曲家が輩出しており、指導者としても知られた。

 伊福部は単純性・地域性を重視した作曲を続けてきた作曲家である。オスティナート(一定の音型を繰り返す手法)を強調したリズムは、伊福部の音楽を構成する重要な要素であり、テリー・ライリーTerry Riley(1935― )は、伊福部のオスティナートの美学が、自分にもっとも近い音楽のあり方の一つであると述べている。第二次世界大戦後日本の「前衛」音楽主流の作曲界では無視されたりなおざりにされたこともあったが、映画『ゴジラ』の音楽をはじめ、多くの一般的な支持やポスト・モダンの風潮のなかで、1980年代から伊福部昭リバイバルが起きた。1980年紫綬褒章(しじゅほうしょう)、1987年勲三等瑞宝章(ずいほうしょう)受章、2003年文化功労者。

[小沼純一]

[参照項目] | 芥川也寸志 | 石井真木 | オスティナート | サティ | 早坂文雄 | 松村禎三 | 黛敏郎 | 三木稔

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