Nagarakurtāgama (English spelling)

Japanese: ナーガラクルターガマ - なーがらくるたーがま(英語表記)Nāgarakěrtāgama
Nagarakurtāgama (English spelling)

A doxology from Java, Indonesia. It was written in Old Javanese in 1365 by the court monk and poet Prapaca to dedicate it to Hayam Wuruk (?-1389, reigned 1350-89) of the Javanese Majapahit Kingdom. Its original title was Desha Warnana (Description of the Kingdom), but it became known by this title given by a Balinese copyist (meaning "Book of Instructions on the Good Order of the Kingdom"). The only surviving text was found in Lombok in the 19th century, but a new copy has recently been discovered.

The work is made up of 98 poems in total, and excluding some historical descriptions, it includes a description of Majapahit, the capital from 1350 to 1364, the royal tours of King Hayam Wuruk to various places, the death of Prime Minister Gajah Mada, a description of the territory, and annual events at the Majapahit court. Therefore, although this work is one of the fundamental historical sources on the history of the Majapahit Kingdom, it must be handled with great care due to its nature as a eulogy written to pray for the elevation of the king's spiritual status, and comparisons with contemporary inscriptions and Chinese historical sources are essential.

[Shigeru Ikuta]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

インドネシア、ジャワ島の頌徳(しょうとく)詩。ジャワのマジャパヒト王国のハヤム・ウルクHayam Wuruk(?―1389。在位1350~89)に捧(ささ)げるために、1365年に宮廷付きの僧侶(そうりょ)であり詩人でもあったプラパンチャPrapacaにより古ジャワ語で書かれたもの。もとの題名はデシャ・ワルナナDesha Warnana(『王国の記述』)であったが、のちバリ島の写本作成者がつけたこの題名(意味は「王国のよき秩序に関する教えの書」)により知られるようになった。現存するテキストとしては、19世紀にロンボク島で発見されたものが唯一のものであったが、最近新しい写本が発見されている。

 本書は全体として98編の詩からなっているが、一部の歴史的記述を除けば、1350年から64年までの期間の首都であるマジャパヒトの記述をはじめ、国王ハヤム・ウルクの各地への行幸、宰相ガジャ・マダGajah Madaの死、領土の記述、またマジャパヒトの宮廷における年中行事などが述べられている。したがって、本書はマジャパヒト王国の歴史に関する根本史料の一つではあるが、本来は国王の精神的地位を高めることを祈願して書かれた頌徳詩であるという性質上、その取扱いには細心の注意が必要であり、同時代の碑文や漢文史料との対比は欠かすことができない。

[生田 滋]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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