Abt-system railway

Japanese: アプト式鉄道 - あぷとしきてつどう(英語表記)Abt-system railway
Abt-system railway

A type of toothed rail (rack rail) railway used as a mountain railway, invented by the Swiss Roman Abt (1850-1933). In Japan, it was laid in 1893 (Meiji 26) between Yokokawa and Karuizawa on the Shinetsu Main Line, 11.2 km long with a maximum gradient of 66.7‰ (a gradient of 66.7 meters in height per 1000 meters of horizontal distance). Initially, steam locomotives were used here, but in 1912 (Meiji 45), they were changed to electric locomotives after electrification. In 1963 (Showa 38), electric locomotives capable of adhesion operation (propulsion using friction between the rails and wheels) were developed, and toothed rails were abolished. After a long hiatus, Abt-type operation began on the Oigawa Railway Ikawa Line between Abt Ichishiro and Nagashima Dam in 1990 (Heisei 2). This is because the construction of the dam forced the relocation of some sections of the track, creating a section with a steep gradient of 90‰ (a gradient of 90 metres in height per 1000 metres horizontal distance).

[Shoji Matsuzawa]

[Reference item] | Rack rail railway
Oigawa Railway Ikawa Line
Japan's only Abt system railway, located between Abt Ichishiro Station and Nagashima Dam Station. Operation began in 1990 (Heisei 2) due to route changes following the construction of Nagashima Dam. The Abt system locomotive's special gears for hills (rack wheel pinion) mesh with the toothed rail (rack rail) laid in the center of the track to run up steep gradients. Kawane-cho, Haibara-gun, Shizuoka Prefecture © Fujino Yuya ">

Oigawa Railway Ikawa Line

Usui Third Bridge
This brick arch bridge remains between Yokokawa and Karuizawa on the Shinetsu Main Line, which was abandoned in 1997 (Heisei 9). It is affectionately known as the "Megane Bridge." It was completed in 1892 (Meiji 25). Due to the steep gradients and difficult conditions, the Abt system railway was used, and it opened the following year in 1893, becoming the first railway to cross the Usui Pass. Many bridges and tunnels remain in the abandoned section. Nationally designated Important Cultural Property Annaka City, Gunma Prefecture ©Shogakukan ">

Usui Third Bridge


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

スイス人アプトRoman Abt(1850―1933)の発明による、登山鉄道として使用される歯形(はがた)軌条(ラックレール)式鉄道の一種。日本では1893年(明治26)信越本線の横川―軽井沢間11.2キロメートル、最急勾配(こうばい)66.7‰(水平距離1000メートルに対し高さ66.7メートルの勾配)に敷設された。ここでは当初、蒸気機関車であったが、1912年(明治45)電化により電気機関車に変更された。さらに1963年(昭和38)には粘着運転(レールと車輪の摩擦で推進する運転)のできる電気機関車が開発され、歯形軌条は廃止された。その後、長らくとだえたが、1990年(平成2)になり、大井川鉄道井川線のアプトいちしろ―長島ダム間で、アプト式による運行が開始された。これは、ダム建設の影響で一部区間の線路が付け替えられ、90‰(水平距離1000メートルに対し高さ90メートルの勾配)の急勾配区間ができたためである。

[松澤正二]

[参照項目] | ラックレール式鉄道
大井川鉄道井川線
アプトいちしろ駅―長島ダム駅間に設けられた日本唯一のアプト式鉄道。長島ダム建設に伴う路線変更により、1990年(平成2)に運行が開始された。アプト式機関車の坂道専用歯車(ラックホイールピニオン)と、線路中央に敷設された歯形軌条(ラックレール)をかみ合わせて急勾配を走行する。静岡県榛原郡川根本町©藤野優哉">

大井川鉄道井川線

碓氷第三橋梁
1997年(平成9)に廃線となった信越本線横川―軽井沢間に残るれんが造のアーチ橋。「めがね橋」の愛称で親しまれている。1892年(明治25)完成。急勾配が続く難所のためアプト式鉄道を採用し、翌93年に開通、鉄道が初めて碓氷峠を越えた。廃線区間にはいくつもの橋梁やトンネルなどが残る。国指定重要文化財 群馬県安中市©Shogakukan">

碓氷第三橋梁


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