Kuze-so

A manor located in Otokuni County, Yamashiro Province. It is currently located in Kuze, Minami Ward, Kyoto City. It is thought that the "Kuze District" mentioned in the "Wamyosho" developed and was divided into Kami-Kuse Manor, Shimokuze Manor, Higashi-Kuse Manor (Tsukiyama Manor), and Hon-Kuse Manor (Oyabu Manor) as development progressed. Of these, Tsukiyama Manor and Oyabu Manor were under the control of the Koga family throughout the Middle Ages. During the Kamakura period, Kami-Kuse-sho and Shimoku-sho were the lands of the Hojo clan as Tokuso territories, but on July 1, 1336 (Kenmu 3), Ashikaga Takauji donated the land stewardship of both lands to Toji Temple, and from then on, they played an important role as subordinate manors that supported the temple economy until the end of the Sengoku period. Kami-Kuse-sho has a total area of ​​about 60 cho, making it a rare unified manor in the suburbs of Kinai. In contrast, Shimoku-sho has a total area of ​​about 80 cho, and has had many main territories since the Kamakura period, making it a typical intricate and scattered manor. Because it was located in a fertile rice paddy area on the western outskirts of Kyoto, the farmers who lived there had a strong sense of self-governance, and village organizations centered around farmers were formed early on.

[Ueshima Yu]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

山城(やましろ)国乙訓(おとくに)郡にあった荘園。現在の京都市南区久世にあたる。『和名抄(わみょうしょう)』にみえる「訓世(くぜ)郷」が、その後の開発の進展に伴って、上久世荘、下久世荘、東久世荘（築山(つきやま)荘）、本久世荘（大藪(おおやぶ)荘）に発展、分割されたものと考えられる。このうち築山荘、大藪荘は、中世を通じて久我(こが)家領としてその支配を受けた。上久世荘、下久世荘は、鎌倉時代には得宗(とくそう)領として北条(ほうじょう)氏の所領であったが、1336年（建武3）7月1日、足利尊氏(あしかがたかうじ)は両荘地頭職(じとうしき)を東寺(とうじ)に寄進、以後戦国末に至るまで東寺の寺院経済を支えた膝下(しっか)荘園として重要な地位を占めた。上久世荘は総面積約60町で、畿内(きない)近郊の荘園としては珍しい一円性荘園である。これに対して下久世荘は総面積約80町で、鎌倉時代以来の多数の本所領があり、典型的な入り組み散在性荘園であった。京都西郊の肥沃(ひよく)な水田地帯に位置したため、ここに住む農民の自治に対する意識は高く、早くから農民を中心とした村落組織の形成がみられた。

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